Mhando dze 3D kudhinda: zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezve iyi nzira

ari 3D printers ivo vari kuwana zvakachipa uye zvakanyanya kufarirwa, neyavo mhando dzakasiyana dze 3D kudhinda, uye dziri kushandiswa pakuwedzera uye zvakanyanya kunyorera. Ivo havangoshandire chete kupurinda-matatu-mativi zvinhu zvevagadziri, mainjiniya, vagadziri, nezvimwewo, ikozvino ivo vanogona zvakare kupurinda machira ehupenyu ekushandisa ekurapa, dzimba dzakadhindwa, kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri, mu motorsport kugadzira zvikamu, zvekudya zvakadhindwa, nezvimwe.

Kana iwe uri kufunga tenga 3D purinda yekumba kana yebhizinesi rako, iwe unofanirwa kuziva mhando dze 3D kudhinda, mutsauko, nezvimwe. Uye zvakare, iwe zvakare unoziva mamwe makiyi ekugona kusarudza zvirinani yako nyowani yekudhinda michina ...

Nzira yekusarudza 3D printer uye mhando dze 3D kudhinda?

Kwete chete mhando dzemhando ye 3D yekudhinda kana uchisarudza iyo 3D printa, mamwe akawanda ma parameter anoitawo basa. Kuti uite sarudzo yakanaka, iwe unofanirwa kutarisa pane mibvunzo mitatu inokosha:

• Ndingashandisa yakawanda sei? Iwe uchawana anodhura kwazvo maprinta, kubva kumazana mashoma euros, kune vamwe anodhura zviuru zvemamiriyoni. Zvese zvinoenderana nekuti iwe unozvida zvekushandisa pamba here kana zvimwe zvekushandisa zvehunyanzvi.
• Zvechii? Mumwe mubvunzo wakakosha. Kwete chete pamutengo, asi zvakare nekuita kweiyo 3D printer. Semuenzaniso, kugadzira zvidimbu zvidiki zvemba, haufungi zvakanyanya kuti idiki uye ine spidhi yakaderera. Asi kuti ugadzire mhando huru, uchafanirwa kutsvaga maprinta anodarika 6 kana 8 or.
• Ndezvipi zvinhu zvandinoda? Kune epamba zvikamu, pamwe neyakajairwa epurasitiki ma polima akadai sePLA, ABS, PETG, nezvimwewo, zvichave zvakakwana. Panzvimbo iyoyo, kumwe kunyorera / kwehunyanzvi kushandiswa kunogona kusanganisira kushandiswa kwemicheka, simbi, nylon, nezvimwe.

Mhando dzezvinhu:

Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nezvikamu, iwe uchazoda imwe kana imwe mhando yezvinhu zvekuratidzira. Zviripachena, mapurinda epamba, andichatarisa, haatambire mhando dzese dzezvinhu. Icho chimwe cheanotsanangurwa anoratidzwa, uye iyo filaments inowanzo tsigira Ndizvo:

• ABS: Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene yakajairika thermoplastic (semuenzaniso: LEGO zvidimbu zvinogadzirwa kubva kuchinhu ichi). Iyo haina biodegradable, asi iyo yakaoma uye ine kumwe kuomarara kwekuvaka zvivakwa zvakasimba. Iyo zvakare ine yakakura makemikari kuramba, iyo inongonyungudika neacetone. Iyo inodzivisa mushe pakuva neabrasion, uye kune tembiricha, asi inogona kukuvara kana ikasiiwa kunze nekuda kwekuratidzwa kwe UV.
• pla- Polylactic acid inogadziriswa (inogadzirwa nembeu, senge chibage), saka inochengetedza zvakatipoteredza uye inogona kushandiswa muzvirongwa zvekurima. Iyo inoshanda kuti ishandiswe semidziyo yekicheni, senge magirazi, mapurasitiki, cutlery, nezvimwe. Kunyangwe iko kupera kwacho kusiri kutsetseka seABS, ine yakajeka gloss.
• HIPSYakakwira-inobata polystyrene yakafanana chaizvo neABS, kunyangwe isiri yakajairika senge yapfuura.
• PET: Polyethylene terephthalate yakajairika mumabhodhoro emvura yemaminerari kana zvinwiwa zvinotonhorera, zvakare mune kumwe kurongedza kwekudya. Izvo zviri pachena uye zvinopokana nemhedzisiro kwazvo.
• laywoo-d3: Inogona kushandura ruvara (mwenje / rima) pamwe netembiricha, inoipa huwandu hwezvishandiso zvekushandisa mune mamwe maficha anosanganisira kudzora kwekushisa. Hunhu hwayo hwakafanana nePLA, yakasimba, uye kuumbwa kwayo kwakafanana nehuni, iine tsinga.
• ninjaflex: thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) inochinja zvinhu nyowani, iine kusanduka kukuru. Kana iwe uri kutsvaga kugadzira zvidimbu zvinoshanduka, izvi ndizvo zvauri kutsvaga.
• Zvinhu zvenaironi: Iyo inozivikanwa kwazvo (isiri-polymer) zvinhu, mhando yefaera yemachira ayo anoshandiswa mune mbatya, tambo, nezvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda. Hazvisi nyore kuzvidzora, saka ruzivo rwezvidimbu haruzove rwakanaka kwazvo, zvakare rwunotora hunyoro. Mukuda kwayo ine yakasimba kuramba tembiricha uye kushushikana.

Mhando dze 3D kudhinda

Mukuwedzera kune izvo zvinyorwa, izvo zvakare zvine basa mhando dze 3D kudhinda. Sezvakangoita paunosarudza purinda yepepa iwe unofunga kana iwe uchida inkjet printer, kana laser, LED, nezvimwewo, kana iwe ukasarudza 3D printer iwe unofanirwa zvakare kutarisa kune tekinoroji yainoshandisa, nekuti zvinoenderana nazvo. mashandiro uye mhedzisiro:

• FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) kana FFF (Yakabatanidzwa Filament Kugadzira): Iyo mhando yekunyungudika deposition modelling yeiyo polymer. Iyo filament inopisa uye inonyungudika nekuda kwekuwedzera. Musoro uchafamba neiyo X, Y inoratidzira zvinoenderana neruzivo mune yekudhinda faira kudzokorora chinhu. Iyo chikuva chakavakirwa pairi zvakare chinofamba mune ino kesi, uye ichafamba mune iyo Z nzira yekugadzira dura neyakaenzana. Zvakanakira iyi nzira ndeyekuti inoshanda uye inokurumidza, kunyangwe isina kukodzera mamodheru ane zvikamu zvinobuda zvakanyanya, nekuti zvinoitwa kubva pasi kumusoro.
• SLAs (StereoLithography): stereolithography ndeye yakare sisitimu iyo iyo photosensitive yemvura resin inoshandiswa iyo ichaomeswa neraser. Aya ndiwo marongero akagadzirwa kusvika chikamu chekupedzisira chawanikwa. Iyo ine zviyero zvakafanana neiyo FDM, asi inozadzisa zvinhu zvine nzvimbo dzakanaka kwazvo uye ine zvakawanda zvakawanda.
• DLP (Dhijitari Mwenje Kugadziriswa)- Dhijitari mwenje kugadzira imwe yemhando ye 3D kudhinda yakafanana neSLA, asi inoshandisa mwenje-wakaomeswa mvura photopolymers. Mhedzisiro yacho zvinhu zvine mazano akanaka kwazvo uye akasimba kwazvo.
• SLS (Inosarudza Laser Sintering): Kusarudzika laser sintering yakafanana neDLP uye SLA, asi pachinzvimbo chemvura vanoshandisa poda. Iyo inoshandiswa kune maprinta ane nylon, aluminium, uye zvimwe zvinhu zverudzi urwu. Iyo laser inonamatira huruva dzevhu kuti dziumbe zvinhu. Iwe unogona kugadzira zvakaoma-kugadzira-zvikamu uchishandisa maforoma kana extrusion.
• SLM (Inosarudza Laser Inonyungudika): inyanzvi yepamusoro uye inodhura tekinoroji, yakafanana neSLS. Inosarudza laser yakanyungudika inoshandiswa, uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri kuti inyungudise hupfu hwesimbi uye igadzire zvikamu.
• EBM (Electron Beam Inyauka): Iyi tekinoroji zvakare yakakwira kwazvo uye inodhura, yakanangana neveindasitiri indasitiri. Iyo inoshandisa fusion yezvinyorwa uchishandisa elektroni danda. Inogona kutonyungudutsa hupfu hwesimbi uye inosvika patembiricha inosvika 1000ºC. Mafomu akazara kwazvo uye epamberi anogona kugadzirwa.
• LOM (Laminated Chinhu Kugadzira): ndeimwe yemhando dzekudhinda kwe3D dzinoshandisa kugadzira laminate. Mapepa, matishu, simbi kana plastiki zvinoshandiswa kugadzira zvivakwa. Aya matanda akabatanidzwa neanamatira uye akachekwa neraser. Izvo ndezvekushandisa kwemaindasitiri.
• B.J. (Bhainda Jetting): binder jekiseni inoshandiswa zvakare mukushanda. Shandisa poda, sedzimwe nzira. Guruva rinowanzo purasita, samende kana kumwe kuumbana kunozobatana nematanho. Simbi, jecha kana plastiki zvinogonawo kushandiswa.
• MJ (Zvekuita Jetting): jekiseni rezvinhu ndeimwe yeiyo 3D michina yekudhinda inoshandiswa muindasitiri yezvishongo. Yakave ichishandiswa kwemakore, uye inowana hukuru hukuru. Zvikamu zvakawanda zvakavakirwa pamusoro peumwe nekugadzira chidimbu chakasimba. Musoro unopinza mazana emadonhwe madiki eepopopolymer uye wozorapa (anoasimbisa) ne ultraviolet (UV) mwenje.
•  MSLA (Yakavanzika SLA): Iyo mhando yeakavharidzirwa SLA, ndiko kuti, inoshandisa iyo matrix ye LED sechiedza chinoburitsa, inoburitsa mwenje weultraviolet kuburikidza neiyo LCD skrini inoratidza iro rimwe chete jira senge mask, ndosaka zita racho. Iwe unogona kuwana yakakwira kwazvo nguva yekudhinda sezvo yega yega yega inoburitswa zvakazara kamwechete neLCD, pane kutsvaga nzvimbo ine laser tip.
• DMLS (Yakananga Simbi Laser Sintering)- Inogadzira zvinhu nenzira yakafanana neSLS, asi mutsauko ndewekuti hupfu hahunyungudike, asi hunopiswa ne laser kusvika paunogona kusanganiswa padanho remolekyuli. Nekuda kwekushushikana, zvidimbu zvinowanzo kuve zvisina kusimba, kunyangwe zvichikwanisa kuitiswa kune inotevera thermal maitiro ekuti iite kuti isanyanya kumira.
• DOD (Kudonhedza Kudiwa)Kudonhedza-pane-kudhinda kudhinda ndeimwe mhando ye 3D kudhinda. Inoshandisa majeti maviri ingi, imwe inoisa zvekuvaka uye imwe yacho zvinhu zvinoparadzika zvezvitsigiso. Iyo zvakare inogadzira yakaturikidzana neyakagadzika senge mamwe matekinoroji, asi ivo zvakare vanoshandisa iyo-inocheka-inocheka iyo inopukuta nzvimbo yekuvaka kuti igadzire yega yega dura. Nekudaro nzvimbo yakati sandara inozadzikiswa. Ivo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri kune akakwana kunyatsoita kana kugadzira kuumbwa.

Hazvisi zvese izvi ndezvekushandisa pamba, zvimwe zvinoitirwa bhizinesi kana maindasitiri. Uye zvakare, kune dzimwe nzira nyowani dziri kubuda, kunyange dzisiri dzakakurumbira.

Printer ficha

Vapinduri ve3D, zvisinei nemhando dze 3D kudhinda, zvakare vane akati wandei hunyanzvi hunhu huchaona mashandiro acho. Zvinonyanya kukosha zvaunofanira kuziva ndezvi:

• Dhinda unomhanyisa: inomiririra kumhanya uko iyo printer inopedzisa kudhinda iyo chikamu. Inoyerwa mumamilimita pamasekondi. Uye vanogona kuva 40mm / s, 150mm / s, nezvimwe. Iyo yakakwira iyo, iyo shoma nguva inotora kupedzisa. Ziva kuti zvimwe zvidimbu, kana zviri zvakakura uye zvakaoma, zvinogona kupedza maawa ...
• Jekiseni: ndicho chidimbu chakakosha, nekuti chichava mutariri wekuisa zvinhu kuti zviumbe zvinhu, kunyange hazvo isiri mhando dzese dze 3D yekudhinda inoda imwe, nekuti imwe inoshanda nemvura uye nechiedza. Asi mazhinji evanodzimba anayo, uye akaumbwa nezvikamu zvinotevera:
  • Zano rinopisa: ndiyo inonyanya kukosha chikamu. Iyo inokonzeresa kunyungudusa iyo filament netembiricha. Iyo tembiricha yakasvika inoenderana nemhando yezvinhu zvinogamuchirwa Izvo zvakakosha kusarudza masystem ane anoshanda anotonhorera.
  • Kamwene: ndiko kuvhura kwemusoro, ndiko kuti, uko iyo fused filament inobuda. Iko kune makuru ane anonamatira ari nani uye anomhanya, asi aine yakaderera resolution (mashoma ruzivo). Iwo madiki anononoka, asi zvakanyatso nyatso gadzira akaomesesa maumbirwo ane ruzivo rwakanyanya.
  • Extruder: mudziyo kune rimwe divi remoto unopisa. Uye ndiye anotarisira kuburitsa zvinhu zvakaumbwa. Unogona kuwana akati wandei mhando:
    • Direct: vane kutonga kuri nani uye nyore basa. Ivo vakatumidzwa nemazita nekuti vanodyiswa zvakananga neanopisa tip.
    • Bowden: Mune ino kesi, iyo yakanyungudutswa filament ichafamba imwe nhanho pakati peinopisa tip uye iyo extruder. Izvi zvinorerutsa jekiseni jekiseni, ichideredza vibrations uye ichiitendera kuti ikurumidze kufamba.
• Mubhedha unodziya: Haipo mune maprinta ese, asi ndiko kutsigira kana chigadziko panodhindwa chikamu ichi. Ichi chikamu chinogona kudziirwa kuona kuti chikamu hachirasi tembiricha yayo panguva yekudhinda, ichiwana mhedzisiro. Izvi zvinodikanwa kune zvinhu zvakaita senylon, HIPS, kana ABS. Zvikasadaro, yega yega yega yaisazonamira zvakanaka kune inotevera. Maprinta ePET, PLA, PTU, nezvimwewo, haadi mubhedha unopisa, uye shandisa chando chinotonhora.
• Feni- Nekuda kwekushisa kwakanyanya, maprinta anowanzove nemafeni ekuchengetedza iyo system kutonhorera. Izvi zvakakosha kuchengetedza kuvimbika kweprinta.
• STL: sezvaungaona pane nyaya ye kudhinda software, maprinta mazhinji akagamuchira akajairwa STL fomati. Ita shuwa kuti yako purinda inogamuchira aya mafomati mafomati.
• TsigiroKunyangwe mapurinda anozivikanwa kwazvo ari anoenderana neWindows, macOS uye GNU / Linux, iwe unofanirwa kubhadhara zvakanyanya kuti uone kana paine madhiraivha ehurongwa hwako.
• ExtrasMamwe maprinta anosanganisirawo mamwe maficha angave anonakidza, akadai seLCD skrini ine ruzivo nezve maitiro, kubatana kweWiFi kuti ubatanidze mune network, makamera akavakirwa-mukati kuti akwanise kutora mafirimu ekudhinda, nezvimwe.
• Yakaunganidzwa vs yakadzurwaVazhinji maprinta anouya akagadzirira kusunungura uye kushandisa (kune vasina ruzivo), asi kana iwe uchida DIY, unogona kuwana mamwe anodhura magadzirirwo aunogona kuunganidza chidimbu nechidimbu uchishandisa kits.