Chimwe chinyorwa chitsva chekuwedzera "nhengo" nyowani kumhuri ye Zvemagetsi zvigadzirwa yakaongororwa mune ino blog. Ino nguva ndiko kuchinjika kwe electrolytic capacitor, irwo rudzi rwakajairika rweiyo capacitor kubva kwaunodzidza zvese zvekutanga zvaunofanira kuziva kuti utange kuishandisa mune ako ramangwana mapurojekiti.
Uye zvakare, zvinonakidza kuziva zviri pedyo nehunyanzvi hunhu hweaya ma capacitors, iyo mutsauko kubva kune zvedongo capacitors, pamwe nezvakanakira nekuipira ...
Chii chinonzi capacitor? 
Un capacitor, kana capacitor, Icho chinhu chakakosha chemagetsi chinoita sedziva, kuchengetera mari yemagetsi muchimiro chemusiyano ungangodaro kuti ubudise gare gare.
La yakachengetwa shit Iyo inochengetwa pamahwendefa maviri anoitisa ayo anogona kuitiswa nenzira dzakasiyana siyana, zvinoenderana nerudzi uye chimiro cheiyo capacitor. Uye kuvadzivirira pamagetsi, pane dielectric machira, ndiko kuti, ekudzivirira zvinhu. Nenzira iyi zvinozadzikiswa kuti idzi mhosva dzinochengetwa mune idzi conductive nhovo pasina vese kuita kubatana (zvirinani kana iyo condenser iri mune yakakwana mamiriro uye isina kubayiwa...).
Mahwendefa acho anobhadhariswa nechaji yakafanana yekuchaja (q), asi nemasaini akasiyana. Mumwe achaita + uye mumwe -. Paunenge wabhadhariswa, unogona takura zvinhu kuisunungura zvishoma nezvishoma kuburikidza netemu imwechete iyo yanga ichishandiswa kuiisa.
Nenzira, iro reji yemagetsi inochengeta inoyerwa muFaradads. Chidiki chakakura chevadiki ma capacitors anowanzo shandiswa mune zvakajairika zvemagetsi mapurojekiti. Naizvozvo, submultiples senge microfarads (µF) kana picofarad (pF) anoshandiswa, dzimwe nguva zvakare nanofarad (nF) uye millifarad (mF). Muchokwadi, kana muchiita iwe waida kusvika 1 F chinzvimbo, iwe waizoda nzvimbo ye1011 m2 uye izvozvo zvinotyisa ...
Kune rumwe rutivi, muviri unoyerwa muCoulombs, uye kana iwe uchinetseka nezve fomu yekuverenga, iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti chii.
C = q / V
Kureva, inokwana capacitor pakati maviri conductive mahwendefa akaenzana muripo ari Coulombs pakati voltage kana zvinogona musiyano (volts) pakati maviri magumo kana zviteshi pamusoro capacitor.
Kubva pane fomula iyoyo mumwe anogona zvakare kujekesa V kuwana iwo magetsi:
V = q / C.
Kana iyo capacitor ichibhadharwa, hazvisi acha dhawunirodha pakarepo. Sezvandambotaura pamusoro, ichazviita zvishoma nezvishoma, sekungotakura kwazvinoita. Nguva dzacho dzinoenderana neiyo capacitance yeiyo capacitor uye kushorwa mukuteedzana nayo. Iyo yepamusoro kuramba, iko kuchazonyanya kuoma kuti iyezvino ipfuure muiyo capacitor uye iyo yakareba ichatora kubhadhara.
Kana iyo capacitor yachajiwa, haichazobvuma kubhadhariswa uye yaizozvibata senge vhura switch. Ndokunge, pakati pematemu maviri eiyo capacitor panogona kuve nemusiyano ungangoita asi hapana chazvino chinoyerera.
Kamwe iwe unoda buditsa capacitorIzvo zvakare ichazviita zvishoma nezvishoma zvichienderana nekupokana uye kugona kweiyo capacitor, kutora zvakanyanya kana zvishoma.
ari mafomura ekuona iyo kurodha nekuburitsa nguva yeiyo capacitor ndeiyi:
t = 5RC
Ndokunge, iyo yekuchaja / kuburitsa nguva yakayerwa mumasekondi ichave yakaenzana nekashanu kupokana mune dzakateedzana (mu ohms) neiyo capacitor uye chayo mutero. Kana iko kuramba kwacho kwaive potentiometer, iwe ungatogona kusiyanisa iyo nguva yekuti ibudise kana kuchaja zvakanyanya kana zvishoma zvishoma ...
Chii chinonzi electrolytic capacitor?
heyi mhando dzakasiyana dzemacapacitors, senge akasiyana, mweya, ceramic uye electrolytic. Asi ndiyo electrolytic capacitor uye zvedongo capacitor iyo yakawana mukurumbira uye ndiyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumagetsi.
El electrolytic capacitor Iyo mhando ye condenser iyo inoshandisa inoitisa ionic mvura seimwe yemahwendefa ayo. Izvi zvinoreva kuti inowanzo kuve neinowedzera huwandu hweyuniti vhoriyamu kupfuura mamwe marudzi emakondesa. Uye zvakare, ivo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumatunhu akadai semasaini modulators mune emagetsi magetsi, oscillators, mafirita emagetsi, nezvimwe.
Mune iyi mhando ye capacitors a dielectric inova aluminium oxide yakaiswa mubepa rinobata. Ndo izvo zvinodzivirira nhoo kana conductive simbi maficha ari kubhadhariswa.
Sezvauri kuona mumufananidzo, kuwedzera kune akajairwa ma capacitors radial (matemu avo ari munzvimbo iri pazasi), kune mamwe ma axial, Iyo ine dhizaini yakafanana neyakajairika resistors, ndiko kuti, ivo vanozove nechiteshi padivi rega. Asi izvo hazvichinje hunhu hwazvo kana kushanda zvachose ...
Kwatenga
Kana iwe uchida tenga electrolytic capacitor, iwe unogona kuiwana zviri nyore muzvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvine hunyanzvi kana kuzvitenga pamapuratifomu epamhepo senge Amazon. Heano mamwe mazano:
- Bhokisi rine assortment kit ye electrolytic capacitors eakasiyana masimba.
- Bhokisi rine assortment kit ye ceramic capacitors eakasiyana masimba.
- Hapana zvigadzirwa zvakawanikwa.
- Hapana zvigadzirwa zvakawanikwa.
Sezvauri kuona, ivo chikamu zvakachipa kwazvo...
Misiyano ine zvedongo capacitors
Pane kusiyana Izvi zvinozivikanwa pakati peiyo ceramic capacitor uye electrolytic capacitor, uye kwete chete nekuti iyo yekupedzisira inowanzo kuve neyakawanda yekuchaja uye vhoriyamu, asiwo nezvimwe zvikonzero:
- Kana isu tikanamatira chete pakuonekwa, iyo ceramic capacitor inowanzo kuumbwa senge lentil, nepo iyo electrolytic capacitor iri cylindrical.
- Iyo ceramic capacitor inoshandisa mafirita maviri esimbi panzvimbo dzayo kuti ichengetedze chaji. Iyo electrolytic capacitor inongova nesimbi yesimbi uye ionic mvura.
- Mazhinji emagetsi emagetsi akakwenenzverwa, ndiko kuti, ivo vane + uye - chinongedzo chaunofanirwa kuremekedza. Izvo hazvisizvo zvemukati zvedongo, hazvina basa kuti unozviisa sei mudunhu.
- Izvi zvinoreva kuti ceramics inogona kushandiswa mu AC kana DC maseketi, nepo electrolytic capacitor ichingoshandiswa muDC maseketi.
Kubatsira uye kusagadzikana
Inofananidzwa neye ceramic capacitor, iyo electrolytic capacitor ine akateedzana e zvakanaka nezvakaipa:
- Kuva polarized, ichaganhurira mashandisiro ayo mukutsiva macircuit aripo. Ipo zvedongo, sezvo isina kupindirwa, inoshanda neDC neAI zvisina basa.
- Electrolytic capacitors ine yakakwira kugona, asi zvakare yakakwira vhoriyamu. Ceramics ine yakaderera chinzvimbo, asi inogona kuve iri nani kubatanidzwa mune mamwe miniaturized zvishandiso.
- Ivo vanodzivirirwa kune mamwe mhedzisiro yemakaniki kudedera. Mamwe maceramics anogona kutora kudengenyeka uye kushandura iwo asingadiwe magetsi echiratidzo shanduko, sekunge yaive maikorofoni ... Icho chinowanzoitika chekramiki kana uchichimanikidza kana kuchizunguza (ona Xtal, piezoelectrics, ...).
- Iyo electrolytic capacitor inoshandisa inodzivirira matete anoenderana neakakwira voltages, saka haazoshandire mamwe marudzi emacircuit. Ceramics inonyanya kusagadzikana nemhepo yakakura.