NE555: zvese nezve iyi multipurpose chip

Iyo 555 yakabatanidzwa sedunhu ndeimwe yemachipi anozivikanwa kwazvo auchawana pakati pe Zvemagetsi zvigadzirwa. Inogona kuuya nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, senge NE555, NE555C, LMC555, TLC555, A555, MC1455, LM555, nezvimwewo. Chikonzero icho chiri chimwe chezvinonyanya kufarirwa ndechekusiyana-siyana kwayo, uye nhamba yezvikumbiro iyo inogona kushandiswa, sezvauri kuona pano.

Mugwaro iri uchadzidza zvese zvaunoda nezve chip iyi, pamwe nemashandisiro aungaite mumapurojekiti ako emangwana, kurudziro yekuzvitenga zvakachipa, nezvimwe.

Chii chinonzi NE555?

Iyo NE555, kana kungoti 555, iIC inoshandiswa gadzira pulses, oscillations kana setimu. Naizvozvo, inogona kushandiswa se oscillator, kugadzira kunonoka, nezvimwe. Iwe unogona kazhinji kuiwana mumapakeji akasiyana-siyana, kunyangwe iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye 8-pini DIP (kune gumi nemana-pini akasiyana), kunyangwe ichigonawo kunge iri mudenderedzwa resimbi pasuru uye kunyangwe muSMD yekukwira pamusoro.

Izvo zvakare zvinogoneka kuwana mavhezheni eNE555 ane yakaderera kushandiswa, uye kunyange kaviri shanduro. Mune idzi mbiri shanduro, maviri akafanana maseketi anosanganisirwa mukati, ane mapini akapetwa kaviri uye anowanzozivikanwa se2.

Padanho retekinoroji, dunhu iri rinofanirwa kugara richigoneswa neVcc voltage, uye chinobuda chinogona kuve nehupamhi hwepamusoro ikozvino kuve dunhu rakasanganiswa. Muchokwadi, iyi chip inogona kunyange zvakananga dhiraivha relay uye mamwe maseketi epamusoro-soro pasina kudiwa kwezvimwe zvikamu. Asi, inoda huwandu hushoma hwezvikamu zvekunze kuti zvikwanise kushanda (kudzorwa).

Vazhinji vachashamisika kuti chii chii chiri mukati medunhu iri rakabatanidzwa. Mukati meNE555, sezvinoonekwa pamufananidzo wapfuura, pane dhizaini yebhuroka ine maviri Operational amplifiers yakaiswa semuenzanisi, iyo RS mhando bistable dunhu ichishandisa yayo yakarambwa kubuda, inverting inobuda buffer kutsigira iyo inobuda ikozvino, uye transistor inoshandiswa kuburitsa yekunze capacitor yenguva.

Kune rimwe divi, kune zvakare matatu emukati resistors ayo ane basa rekuseta mareferensi mazinga yekupinda kweiyo inverter yekutanga kushanda, uye mune isiri-inverting yechipiri, pa2/3 uye 1/3 yevoltage Vcc zvichiteerana. Kureva pachikumbaridzo voltage yeterminal 6, kana yadarika 2/3 yemagetsi ekupa kana Vcc, ipapo inobuda ichaenda kune yakakwira logic level (1) uye inoshandiswa kune R yekuisa yebistable, saka iyo yakarambwa inoenda ku1, inogutsa. iyo transistor uye kutanga kubuda kwekunze capacitor. Panguva imwe chete, kubuda kwe555 kwaizodzika (0).

En imwe op amp, kana iyo voltage inoshandiswa kune inverting yekupinda inowira pasi pe1/3 yeVcc, iyo amplifier inobuda inoenda kune yakakwirira nhanho (1), nekudaro ichidyisa iyo bistable yekupinda S, ichipfuura yakabuda kune yakaderera (0), ichishandura transistor. kudzima uye kukonzeresa kuti NE555 yakabuda kuenda logic yakakwirira (1).

Pakupedzisira, pane zvakare terminal reset papini 4, yakabatana neiyo R1 yekupinza yebistable flip flop. Kana pini iyi yaitwa logic yakaderera (0), inogona kudzosa kuburitsa kweNE555 kune yakaderera (0) chero nguva inodiwa reset.

NE555 tsanangudzo

ari tekinoroji yakatarwa yeNE555, kunyangwe zvingasiyana zvichienderana neshanduro nemugadziri, zvinonyanyozivikanwa ndezvekuti unowana:

Vcc kana kupinza voltage: 4.5 kusvika 15V (kune shanduro dzinosvika ku2V). Iwo 5V iwo anoenderana nemhuri yeTTL inonzwisisika.
Kupinza izvozvi (Vcc +5v): 3 kusvika 6mA
Kupinza izvozvi (Vcc 5v): 10 kusvika 15mA
Maximum output current: 500 mA
Simba guru rakabviswa: 600 mA
Mashandisiro emagetsi mashoma: 30mW@5V uye 225mW@15V
Kushanda tembiricha range: 0ºC kusvika 70ºC. Iyo frequency kugadzikana ndeye 0,005% pa ºC.

NE555 Pinout

Iyo NE555, mune yayo yakajairika package, ine 8 pini. pinout inotevera:

GND(1): ndiyo danda rakashata remagetsi, iro rinowanzoenda pasi.
Kupfura kana kupfura (2): Pini iyi inogadzirisa kutanga kwekunonoka kana yakagadziriswa se monostable. Kana pini iyi iine isingasviki 1/3 yemagetsi ekupa, chinokonzeresa chichaitika.
Kubuda kana kubuda (3): ndipo panowanikwa mhedzisiro yenguva, ingave yakagadzikana modhi, monostable, nezvimwe.
Reboot kana kuseta patsva (4): Kana ikaenda pasi pe0.7 volts, inodhonza pini yekubuda yakaderera. Kana pini iyi ikasashandiswa, inofanirwa kunge yakabatana nesimba kudzivirira iyo timer kubva pakugadzirisa.
Voltage control kana kutonga (5): Kana iyo NE555 iri mumagetsi controller mode, voltage papini iyi ichasiyana kubva kuVcc kusvika ku0V. Nenzira iyi zvinogoneka kugadzirisa nguva, kana kuti inogonawo kugadzirwa kuti igadzire ramp pulses.
Chikumbaridzo kana chikumbaridzo (6): ipini yekupinza yemuenzanisi wemukati inoshandiswa kukwevera yakaderera.
Dhawunirodha kana kuburitsa (7): Inoshandiswa kuburitsa zvinobudirira iyo yekunze capacitor inoshandiswa pakuita nguva.
Vdc (8): ndiyo magetsi ekupa, iyo terminal iyo chip inodyiswa nemagetsi kubva ku4.5v kusvika 16v.

Nguva dzose yeuka verenga dheta remugadziri, sezvo panogona kuva nekusiyana pakati pezvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana zve 555. Uyewo, iva nechokwadi chokuti uri kushandisa chip nenzira yakarurama, uchicherechedza kuti notch iri mberi yakatarisana kumusoro kuti ienderane nepinoti iyi.

Nhoroondo ye555

Iyo 555 kana NE555 yedunhu yaive yakagadzirwa naHans R. Camenzind muna 1971. Ini panguva iyoyo ndanga ndichishandira Signetics (ikozvino ine NXP Semiconductors). Hans anga atove neruzivo mumhando iyi yemapurojekiti, aimbogadzira amplifiers ne pulse width modulation (PWM) yemidziyo yekuteerera, aifarirawo maPLL, nezvimwe.

Camenzind aizokurudzira kuSignetics kuti igadzire dunhu renyika zvichibva paPLLs uye aizokumbira maneja wekambani kuti azvigadzirise, achishandisa zviwanikwa zvekambani mukutsinhana nekucheka muhoro wake nepakati. Maneja wekutengesa wekambani akabvuma chikumbiro ichi, zvisinei nekuti vamwe vashandi vekambani vakati kushanda kweramangwana 555 kunogona kutsiviwa nemamwe machipisi aripo.

Iyo purojekiti yaizotora iyo 5xx manhamba akapihwa analog ICs. Uye pakupedzisira paizosarudzwa nhamba 555. Dhizaini yekutanga yaizodzokororwa muna 1971 uye, kunyangwe pakanga pasina kukanganisa, yaive ne9 pini. Camenzind aive nepfungwa yekushandisa yakananga resistor pachinzvimbo chenguva dzese sosi uye kuderedza kudiwa kwemapini kune yazvino 8.

Iyo inoshanda dhizaini ine 8 pini yaizopedza a yechipiri dhizaini ongororo uye prototype yakazounzwa muna Gumiguru 1971. Mumwe wemainjiniya eSignetics aripo pakuongororwa kwekutanga aizoenderera mberi nekutsvaga imwe kambani uye kugadzira yake 9-pini shanduro. Signetics panguva iyi yakatanga kugadzira nekushambadzira iyo NE555 nekukurumidza sezvavaigona. Muna 1972 rakagadzirwa nemakambani 12 uye rakava rimwe rematunhu akatengeswa zvakanyanya.

NE555 Applications

Pindai NE555 zvikumbiro pane izvo zvekuve timer kana precision timer. Kunyangwe iyo yakatanga kuratidzwa seyakanyatso kunonoka dunhu, yakakurumidza kuwana zvisingaverengeke maapplication akadai sekushanda seastable oscillator, ramp jenareta, sequential timer, nezvimwe. Aya ndiwo maitiro akave mamwe eanonyanya kushandiswa machipi kunyangwe nhasi.

555 zvigadziriso

ari NE555 zvigadziriso iwo anogadzirwa neakatevedzana capacitors uye resistors akabatana nemapini avo. Nenzira iyo iwe unogona kushandura nguva kana maitiro ekushanda kweiyi IC. Heano mamwe eanonyanyo zivikanwa marongero:

Monostable configuration: munyaya iyi, kubuda kweNE555 kuchatanga kuva 0 (pasi pasi), uye transistor ichazara ichidzivirira capacitor C1 kubva pakubhadhara. Kana bhatani rikadzvanywa, yakaderera voltage inoshandiswa kune inokonzeresa terminal uye inoita kuti flip-flop ichinje mamiriro uye inobuda kuenda ku1 (yepamusoro). Muchiitiko ichocho, transistor yemukati inomira kuitisa uye capacitor C1 inobhadharwa kuburikidza nekunze resistor R1. Kana iyo capacitor voltage ichipfuura 2/3 yemagetsi ekupa (Vcc), bistable inoshandura mamiriro ayo uye inobuda inodzokera ku0.

astable: mune iyi imwe gadziriro, kana yakabatanidzwa kune magetsi, iyo capacitor inosunungurwa, uye iyo NE555 inobuda inoenda kumusoro (1) kusvikira capacitor inosvika 2/3 yeVcc nemutoro wayo. Panguva iyoyo, iyo RS flip-flop inoshandura nhanho uye iyo 555 inobuda inova 0 kana yakaderera. Panguva iyoyo, iyo capacitor C1 (kana C mumufananidzo) inotanga kubuda kuburikidza neinopikisa R2 uye kana yasvika 1/3 yemagetsi ekugovera, inotanga kuchaja zvakare uye zvichingodaro apo kupihwa kunochengetwa.

Muchiitiko chekushandisa capacitor inotora nguva imwe chete kubhadharisa sekuburitsa, iyo astable symmetric wave configuration inogona kuwanikwa.

Configuration kuti reset: kana iwe uchida kugadzirisa zvakare dunhu, unogona kubatanidza reset terminal yakananga kune yakanaka pole kana kuchengetedza iyo nhanho yakakwira nenzira yekupikisa. Kana bhatani rinoratidzwa mudhayagiramu rinotevera raitwa, iyo NE555 ichave neinobuda pa0 painoda. Zvakafanana nekutangazve timer kana kuiisa munzvimbo yekurara.

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM): Chiratidzo chechiyero chinoshanduka chinogona kushandiswa kune chigadziro chekutonga cheNE555, zvichiita kuti kubuda kwemhepo kuwedzere muhupamhi sezvo chiyero chemagetsi ichi chinowedzera. Iyo pulse inogonawo kuitwa kuti isvike nekunonoka kana kushoma sezvo voltage inoiswa kune yekudzora yekupinda inowedzera kana kuderera.

Kupi kwekutenga iyo yakachipa NE555

Unogona kuzviwana muzvitoro zvakawanda zvemagetsi, kunyangwe zviri nyore kuzviwana paAmazon nemitengo yakanaka. Vamwe mienzaniso yezvigadzirwa zvinokurudzirwa Ndizvo:

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