Kune mamwe mapurojekiti emagetsi kana ekushandisa neako Arduino, kwauchazoda kushanda nemagineti inodzorwa. Ndiri kureva, mune yakasarudzika magineti, pachagara paine simba rinoyevedza, asi iine remagetsi unogona kudzora iyi magnetic field kuti ibudise iyo panguva yaunenge uchichida. Nenzira iyi, iwe unogona kukwezva ferromagnetic zvinhu zvehuwandu hwekushandisa.
Semuenzaniso, fungidzira kuti iwe unoda kuvhura kana kuvhara hatch diki otomatiki kana chimwe chinhu chikaitika, kana kufambisa chimwe chinhu chesimbi, nezvimwe. Muchiitiko ichocho, chinhu chakanakisa chaunogona kushandisa iemagetsi, nekudaro uchidzivirira kuve nekugadzira mamwe akazara mashandiro anoita basa rimwe chete.
Chii chinonzi electromagnet?
Un remagetsi Icho chigadzirwa chemagetsi chinokutendera kuti iwe ugadzire iyo magnetic field paunoda. Ndokunge, chishandiso chinova magineti chete kana uchichida, uye kwete nguva dzose semagineti anogara aripo. Nenzira iyoyo, unogona kukwezva ferromagnetic zvinhu panguva chaiyo chaiyo paunenge uchizvida.
Electromagnets anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu iyo indasitiri. Semuenzaniso, iwe waona zvechokwadi paTV michina iyo iri mune dzimwe nzvimbo uko simbi inogadziriswazve uye iyo ine electromagnet iyo iyo opareta inomutsa kubva mukamba kutora chassis yemotokari yechimedu, kana kukwezva zvimwe zvikamu zvesimbi. Zvino kana iyo crane yakabata iyi electromagnet yakazvimisikidza payo painoda kusiya izvi zvinhu zvesimbi, ivo vanongodzima simba remagineti remagetsi uye zvese zvinowira.
Nzira yekumisikidza nayo nekupa ichi chinhu ne kuenderera zvazvino. Chero bedzi razvino ririkuita pamagetsi emagetsi, iyo magnetic field inochengetwa uye simbi inoramba yakanamatira pairi. Kana iyezvino ikamira, ichazonyangarika uye zvinhu zvesimbi zvichabvaruka. Saka iwe unogona kuzvidzora nekukurumidza.
Zvakanaka, izvi zvinogona zvakare kushandiswa newe kuti iwe ubatsirwe uye nenzira yakachipa kwazvo. Unogona kutenga iyo electromagnet yakagadzirirwa-kana kuigadzira iwe pachako, sezvo isina kuomarara zvachose, kusiyana nezvimwe zvemagetsi zvigadzirwa.
Asi kana iwe uchifunga kuti magetsi emagetsi anongoshanda kubata kana kukwezva zvinhu, chokwadi ndechekuti warasika. Iyo inoshandisa kana mashandisirwo akawanda. Muchokwadi, kana iwe ukatarisa-tarisa, zvirokwazvo michina yakawanda inoshandisa izvi kuita kwavo. Semuenzaniso, iwe uchaiwana kune akawanda mabhero epamba, kune mamwe madhizaina ane magetsi anodzora michina inogadzira, yemarobhoti, yedrive dhiraivha, ye magetsi emota (iyo rotor inotenderera nekuda kwemagineti minda anogadzirwa), majenareta, maspika, relays, inokiya magineti, uye yakareba etc.
Rinoshanda sei?
Kunyangwe iwe uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinyatso kujekesa mashandisiro emagetsi, iwe unofanirwa kunzwisisa mushe kuti unoshanda sei kukwezva kana kudzinga zvinhu (kana iwe ukachinja polarization). Nemhando idzi dzemidziyo, haufanire kushandisa magineti ekusingaperi kukwezva ferromagnetic zvinhu simbi, cobalt, nickel, uye mamwe maalloys.
Ramba uchifunga nezverudzi rwesimbi kana chiwanikwa chauchazoshandisa purojekiti yako, nekuti havazi vese vanokwezva kune aya magineti.
Kuti electromagnet ishande, tinofanirwa kudzokera kuzvidzidzo zveDanish Hans Christian Orsted, muna 1820. Akaona kuti magetsi emagetsi anokwanisa kugadzira magetsi. Gare gare, weBritish William Sturgeron aizoita remagineti rekutanga kutora mukana wekuwanikwa uku, uye izvo zvakatanga muna 1824. Uye zvaisazove kusvika 1930, apo Joshep Henry aizoikwanisa kuti igadzire remagetsi ratinoziva nhasi.
Panyama ichaumbwa ne ronda coil uye mukati maro musimboti weferromagnetic, senge simbi yakapfava, simbi uye mamwe maalloys. Zvishwe zvinowanzoitwa zvemhangura kana aruminiyamu, uye zvine inodzivirira yekupfeka senge varnish yekuvadzivirira kusangana, nekuti ivo vanouya padhuze padhuze nepadhuze kana zvakanangana nekubatana kuti vazvibatanidze zvakanyanya. Chimwe chinhu chakafanana nezvinoitika nemakara e transformer, ayo zvakare ane iyi varnish.
Basa reaya coils kugadzira izvo magnetic field, uye musimboti kuchawedzera izvi uye nekuisa pfungwa pakuderedza kuparadzira kurasikirwa. Mukati mezvinhu zvepakati, madomeni ayo anoenderana kana kutungamirwa munzira imwechete nekuda kwesimba rinogadzirwa necoil, ndiko kuti, inofanana nezvinoitika mukati memagineti anogara aripo, ayo akatiwo madomeni akanangana nedivi rakanangana nedanda rake.
Zvinogona kuva dzora simba rekukwezva kuwedzera izvozvi zvauri kupfuura nemagetsi emagetsi. Izvo zvakati, ndinofanira kutaura kuti handicho chete chinhu chinokanganisa simba rinokwezva remagetsi, kuwedzera simba rayo unogona kuwedzera chimwe kana zvese zvinotevera zvinhu:
- Nhamba ye solenoid inotendeuka.
- Core zvinhu.
- Ikozvino kusimba.
Kana iyo yazvino yamira, iwo madomasi anowanzozvigadzirisa patsva, uye nekudaro vanorasikirwa nemagineti. Saka kana iwe uchibvisa yazvino kushandiswa, remagetsi rinomira kukwezva. Nekudaro, iyo inosara yemagineti inogona kusara iyo inonzi remanent magnetism. Kana iwe uchida kuibvisa, iwe unogona kuisa yekumanikidza munda munzira yakatarisana kana kukwidza tembiricha yezvinhu pamusoro peiyo Curie tembiricha.
Tora remagetsi
Sezvandatotaura, iwe unogona zvisike iwe pachakoKana iwe uchida DIY kana uri kutsvaga rudzi rwemagetsi remagetsi ane hunhu husina kugutsikana newaunogona kutenga. Imwe sarudzo, kana iwe uine husimbe, ndeyekutenga iyo electromagnet mune chero chitoro senge Amazon.
Ndokumbira utarise chimwe chinhu, kana iwe uchizotenga iro remagetsi. Uye iwe uchaenda kunotsvaga akasiyana mitengo uye akati wandei mhando ane akasiyana hunhu. Pakati pavo, chinonyanya kusiyanisa ndicho huwandu hwehuremu hwavanogona kutsigira kana kukwezva. Semuenzaniso, iyo 25N ye2.5Kg, iyo 50N ye5Kg, iyo 100N ye10 Kg, iyo 800N ye80 kg, 1000N ye100 Kg, nezvimwe. Kune mamwe makuru ekushandisa kwemaindasitiri, asi hazviwanzo kuitika kumashandisirwo epamba ... Usafunge kuti mutengo unokwira zvakanyanya pakati peumwe neumwe, sezvo uine iwo kubva pa3 kusvika pa20 Euro.
Kana iwe ukafunga kuita zvisike iwe pachakoUnogona kuve nemagetsi anodhura nemagetsi nekungovhara waya kuti ugadzire coil uye mukati iwe unofanira kuisa ferrous core. Semuenzaniso, electromagnet yakapusa uye yakapusa iyo vana vanowanzoita kuti vadzidze mumarabhoritari ndeye kushandisa bhatiri iyo yavanobatanidza kune tambo inoitisa waya (inofanirwa kuvharwa neinodzivirira varnish kana yepurasitiki insulator kuitira kuti vasabatane pamatende. ) uye mukati mavanounza tambo seyukisi. Kana iwe ukabatanidza iwo maviri mativi kune yega yega matanda echitokisi kana bhatiri, iyo magnetic field ichagadzirwa mune iyo coil inokwezva simbi ...
Ehe, iro remagetsi rinokwanisa iwe kukwana ine coil yakakura kana kushandisa imwe simbi musimboti kana iwe uchida kuwana yakakura masimba masimba uye magineti minda.
Kubatanidzwa naArduino
La kusangana pamwe neArduino hazvina kuoma zvachose. Chero iro remagetsi rakatengwa kana iro rakagadzirwa newe, unogona kushandisa zvakananga Arduino uye magetsi kubuda kana kumisa iyo electromagnet sezvaunoshuvira kushandisa yako sketch kodhi. Asi kana iwe uchida kuzviita nenzira iri nani, iwe unofanirwa kushandisa chimwe chinhu kudzora electromagnet mune imwe nzira inokwana, kunyanya kana iri simba rine simba remagetsi. Mune ino kesi, iwe unogona kushandisa semuenzaniso transistor Mosfet sechinhu chekutonga, kana iyo NPN TIP120 (ndiyo yandaimboedza kuyedza), uye kunyangwe kurwirwa. Nekudaro, iwe unogona kushandisa imwe yedhijitari pini kudzora iyo transistor uye izvi zvakare kune iyo electromagnet ...
Iwe unofanirwa kuisa nhunzi kumashure kana antiparallel diode senge iyo iri mumufananidzo, pakati pezvibatanidza zviviri zve electromagnet. Iwe unofanirwa zvakare kusanganisira 2K ohm resistor sezvaunoona mumufananidzo. Zvimwe zvese zvekubatana zviri nyore kwazvo, sezvauri kuona. Ehezve, mune iyi kesi, yebhuruu uye tsvuku waya dzinoenderana nesimba rekunze rinozoiswa kune iyo solenoid.
Rangarira kuti kune magetsi emagetsi e Zita remagetsi 6V, 12V, 24V, nezvimwewo, saka unofanirwa kuziva mushe iwo magetsi aunofanirwa kuisa kune iyo solenoid kuti urege kuikanganisa. Iwe unogona kuona iwo marondedzero mune tsananguro yeAmazon kana nekutarisa iyo dhatasheet rechinhu iwe chauri kushandisa. Rangarira zvakare kuremekedza pinout yayo, ari mapini maviri, imwe yepasi kana GND uye imwe Vin yekushandisa iyo yazvino kutonga.
Iyo yandakashandisa kuratidza uyu muenzaniso wehurongwa iyo yandakagadzira muFritzing i6V, saka mumitsetse yandakaisa kurudyi mumufananidzo ichaiswa + 0 / 6V mune tsvuku uye -0 / 6V mubhuruu. Rangarira kuti zvichienderana nekusimba iwe unowana yakawanda kana shoma simba rekukwezva.
Para kodhi, Iwe unogona kuita chimwe chinhu chakareruka senge chinotevera (rangarira kuti iwe unogona kugadzirisa iyo kodhi kuitira kuti panzvimbo pekumisa nekumisa mukati mechinguva mushure mechinguva, seichi, zvinodaro zvichienderana neimwe sensor yauinayo mudunhu rako, kana kuti chimwe chiitiko chinoitika ...):
const int pin = 3;
//Recuerda que debes usar el pin correcto que hayas utilizado en el esquema eléctrico de tu proyecto
void setup() {
pinMode(pin, OUTPUT); //definir pin como salida
}
void loop(){
digitalWrite(pin, HIGH); // poner el Pin en HIGH para activar el electroimán
delay(10000); // esperar un segundo
digitalWrite(pin, LOW); // poner el Pin en LOW para desactivar el electroimán
delay(10000); // esperar un segundo
}