I-HC-SR04: konke malunga nesenzwa se-ultrasonic

Ngamanye amaxesha kunyanzelekile Linganisa imigama kwaye unazo ii-sensors ezininzi. Sele sinikezele inqaku ukuba sithethe ngalo Ukuchaneka okuphezulu komgama njenge-VL52L0X. Le nzwa yayiyeyohlobo lwe-ToF kwaye yayisekwe kumanqanaba achanekileyo enkosi kwi-laser yayo. Kodwa ukuba ukuchaneka akubalulekanga kangako kuwe kwaye ufuna into ekuvumela ukuba ulinganise imigama ngexabiso eliphantsi, enye into enokubangela kwiincam zakho zeminwe yi-HC-SR04.

Kwimeko Inzwa yomgama ye-HC-SR04, umgama ulinganiswa nge-ultrasound. Inkqubo iyafana nendlela ebonakalayo ye-VL52L0X. Oko kukuthi, ikhutshiwe, kukho iboss kwaye iyafunyanwa, kodwa kule meko endaweni yokuba yi-laser okanye i-IR, yi-ultrasound. Ukuba uyayithanda i-elektroniki, iirobhothi okanye umenzi we-amateur, ungayisebenzisa ukwenza uninzi lweeprojekthi ze-DIY ezinje ngeenkqubo zokufumana isithintelo kwiirobhothi, izinzwa zobukho, njl.

Yintoni i-HC-SR04?

Ewe, icacile, njengoko senditshilo kwimihlathi engaphambili, I-HC-SR04 sisivakalisi somgama esichanekileyo esisezantsi esisekwe kwi-ultrasound. Ngayo ivumela ukulinganisa umgama ngendlela elula nekhawulezayo, nangona umgaqo ungaqhele ukusetyenziselwa oko. Rhoqo, isetyenziswa njenge transducer ukufumana izithintelo kunye nokuyiphepha ngokusebenzisa ezinye iindlela ezinxulumene nokuphendula kwenzwa.

Inkangeleko ye- I-HC-SR04 yahluke kakhulu kwaye iyabonakala ngokulula. Ukongeza, yinto eyaziwayo kakhulu kwiikiti zokuqala zeArduino kwaye iyimfuneko kwinkoliso yeeprojekthi. Ichongwa ngokulula kuba "inamehlo" amabini eziyinyani izixhobo ze-ultrasound ezidityaniswa kule modyuli. Omnye wabo ngumkhupheli we-ultrasound kwaye omnye ufumana. Isebenza rhoqo kwi-40 Khz, ke ayizukuzwakala ebantwini.

Imigaqo yesenzi se-ultrasonic sensor

Umgaqo apho Isekwe ekulingiseni leyo isetyenzisiweyo xa uphosa ilitye equleni ukulinganisa ubunzulu bayo. Uphosa ilitye kunye nexesha elingakanani ukuze liwele ezantsi. Emva koko wenza ukubala kwesantya sexesha elidlulileyo kwaye ufumana umgama ohanjwe lilitye. Kodwa kwimeko apho inzwa nguwe.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

I-ESP8266: imodyuli yeWIFI yeArduino

Kwi-HC-SR04, i-emitter iya kukhupha i-ultrasound kwaye xa ibhuqa into okanye umqobo osendleleni eya kuthi ibanjwe ngumamkeli. Inkqubo ye- Isekethe iya kwenza ubalo oluyimfuneko yolo echo ukunquma umgama. Oku kunokuba yinto eqhelekileyo kuwe ukuba uyayazi inkqubo yokuba ezinye izilwanyana ezinje ngamahlengethwa, iminenga okanye amalulwane zisebenzisa ukufumana imiqobo, amaxhoba, njl.

Ngokubala ixesha ukusuka kumzuzu othunyelwa kuyo ukubetha kwempendulo de impendulo ifunyenwe, ixesha kwaye ke umgama unokumiselwa ngokuchanekileyo. Khumbula ukuba [Isithuba = ixesha lesantya) kodwa kwimeko ye-HC-SR04, kuya kufuneka uhlula eli nani ngo / 2, kuba ixesha lilinganisiwe ukusuka xa i-ultrasound iphuma kwaye ihamba ngesithuba ide ibethe umqobo kunye nendlela ebuyayo, iya kuba malunga Isiqingatha sale ...

Ukuphuma kunye neenkcukacha zedatha

Sele uyazi ukuba ukubona idatha epheleleyo yemodeli oyifumeneyo, eyona nto ilungileyo yile fumana iphepha ledatha Ikhonkrithi yomenzi. Umzekelo, nantsi Itheyibhile yeenkcukacha ye-Sparkfun, Kodwa zininzi ezinye ezifumaneka ngePDF. Nangona kunjalo, nazi ezona datha zibalulekileyo zobuchwephesha ze-HC-SR04:

• PhinaIzikhonkwane ezi-4 zamandla (Vcc), ezibangela (iTrigger), ezamkelayo (i-Echo) kunye nomhlaba (GND). I-trigger ibonakalisa ukuba inzwa kufuneka isebenze nini (xa kusungulwa i-ultrasound), kwaye ke kuya kubakho ukwazi ixesha elidlulileyo xa umamkeli efumana umqondiso.
• Ukutya: 5 V
• Ukuhamba rhoqo kwe-Ultrasound: 40 Khz, indlebe yomntu inokuva kuphela ukusuka kwi-20Hz ukuya kwi-20Khz. Yonke into engaphantsi kwe-20Hz (infrasound) nangaphezulu kwe-20Khz (i-ultrasound) ayizukubonakala.
• Ukusetyenziswa (ukuma-by): <2mA
• Ukusetyenziswa kokusebenzaamandla: 15mA
• I-engile esebenzayo: <15º, kuxhomekeke kwii-angles zezinto onokuba neziphumo ezingcono okanye ezimbi.
• Umgama olinganisiweyo: ukusuka kwi-2cm ukuya kwi-400cm, nangona ukusuka kwi-250 cm isisombululo asizukulunga kakhulu.
• Isisombululo esiphakathi: 0.3 cm umahluko phakathi komgama kunye nomlinganiso, ke ngaphandle kokungaqwalaselwa ngokuchanekileyo njengelaser, imilinganiselo yamkelekile kwizicelo ezininzi.
• Ixabiso: malunga ne- € 0,65

Umdibaniso neArduino

ukuba Ukuqhagamshela kwiArduino akunakuba lula. Kufuneka ubenoxanduva lokudibanisa i-GND kwimveliso ehambelana neArduino yakho ephawulwe njalo, iVcc kunye namandla eArduino 5v kunye nezinye izikhonkwane ezibini ze-HC-SR04 kunye negalelo / iziphumo ezikhethiweyo zeprojekthi yakho. Uyabona ukuba ilula kwisikimu esingaphezulu seFritzing ...

Kufuneka ube nengqwalaselo enye, yokuba i-tigger kufuneka ifumane ukubetha kombane okungenani zii-microsecond ezili-10 ukuze isebenze ngokufanelekileyo. Ngaphambili kuya kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba ikwiXabiso ELIPHANTSI.

Ngokuphathelele ikhowudi yeArduino IDE, awunyanzelekanga ukuba usebenzise naliphi na ithala leencwadi okanye nayiphi na into efana nezinye izinto. Yenza nje ifomula yokubala umgama kunye nenye into encinci ... Ewe, ukuba ufuna iprojekthi yakho yenze into ekuphenduleni kumlinganiso we-HC-SR04 sensor, kuya kufuneka wongeze ikhowudi oyifunayo. Umzekelo, endaweni yokubonisa nje imilinganiselo kwikhonsoli, unokwenza ukuba ii-servomotors zihambe kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye ukuya kumgama othile ukunqanda umqobo, okanye ukuba imoto ime, ialam kufuneka yenziwe xa ibona ukusondela, njl. .

 Olunye ulwazi malunga nenkqubo: Incwadana yeArduino (iPDF yasimahla)

Umzekelo, uyakubona oku ikhowudi esisiseko oza kuyisebenzisa njengesiseko:

//Define las constantes para los pines donde hayas conectado el pin Echo y Trigger
const int EchoPin = 8;
const int TriggerPin = 9;
 
void setup() {
   Serial.begin(9600);
   pinMode(TriggerPin, OUTPUT);
   pinMode(EchoPin, INPUT);
}

//Aquí la muestra de las mediciones
void loop() {
   int cm = ping(TriggerPin, EchoPin);
   Serial.print("Distancia medida: ");
   Serial.println(cm);
   delay(1000);
}

//Cálculo para la distancia
int ping(int TriggerPin, int EchoPin) {
   long duration, distanceCm;
   
   digitalWrite(TriggerPin, LOW);  //para generar un pulso limpio ponemos a LOW 4us
   delayMicroseconds(4);
   digitalWrite(TriggerPin, HIGH);  //generamos Trigger (disparo) de 10us
   delayMicroseconds(10);
   digitalWrite(TriggerPin, LOW);
   
   duration = pulseIn(EchoPin, HIGH);  //medimos el tiempo entre pulsos, en microsegundos
   
   distanceCm = duration * 10 / 292/ 2;   //convertimos a distancia, en cm
   return distanceCm;
}