Uninzi lwabasebenzisi lusetyenziselwa iilaptops, ii-AIOs okanye iidesktops. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iinguqulelo, ezinye zazo ziye zaduma, njengoko kunjalo iSBC enkosi kwiiprojekthi ezifana ne Raspberry Pi. Com Ziya zixhaphaka ngakumbi kwihlabathi le-DIY okanye phakathi kwabenzi beeprojekthi ezingenakubalwa. Nangona kunjalo, ungatsho ukuba yintoni nganye kwezi ngcamango? ungawazi ukuba yintoni umahluko?
Apha sisusa onke amathandabuzo akho kwaye sikuxelele into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nezi khompyuter zincinci...
Yintoni i-SBC?
Omnye IKhompyutha yeBhodi enye (SBC), akukho nto ngaphandle kwekhompyutheni okanye ikhompyutha edibeneyo kwibhodi enye okanye i-PCB. Ezi bhodi zesekethe eziprintiweyo ziquka i-microprocessor, imemori, igalelo / imveliso (I / O) izibuko, kunye nezinye izinto eziyimfuneko. Ngokungafaniyo nekhompyuter yobuqu, ayixhomeki ekwandisweni kweminye imisebenzi, nangona kuyinyani ukuba ezinye iiperipherals okanye ezo zaziwa ngokuba zii-HATs zingongeza ukwandisa imisebenzi yayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngelixa ikhompyuter idinga amanye amalungu ukuze isebenze, kwaye ingeyiyo nje ibhodi yomama, kule meko inokusebenza njengoko injalo.
Enkosi ngokuba sineekhompyuter ezixineneyo, ezikhaphukhaphu, kunye nexabiso eliphantsi esinokusetyenziswa kuzo ubuninzi beeprojekthi ulawulo lwamashishini okanye ukusetyenzwa kwedatha, iirobhothi, i-IoT, nokunye okuninzi. Kwaye, phakathi kwezi SBCs zidumileyo phakathi kwabenzi sineRaspberry Pi, iBeagle, kunye nende njl.
Yintoni iCOM?
Un Ikhompyuter kwiModyuli (COM) luhlobo lwekhompyutha yebhodi enye (SBC), udidi oluphantsi lweenkqubo zekhompyutha ezizinzisiweyo. Le khomputha epheleleyo eyakhiwe kwibhodi yesekethe enye, nangona kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo ne-SBC, i-COM ngokuqhelekileyo ayinazo iziqhagamshelo ezisemgangathweni zokufaka / i-peripherals ye-output ukudibanisa ngokuthe ngqo kwibhodi, oko kukuthi i-COM igxile ngokukodwa kwi-computing, kunye ne-CPU, i-RAM, GPU, njl. Ukongeza, i-SBC ihlala ilinganiselwe ekusebenzeni, ngelixa i-COM inentsebenzo ephezulu. Ngokomzekelo, sinokufumana i-COM kunye ne-AMD yesizukulwana samva nje okanye i-Intel processors, ngelixa ii-SBC zihlala zine-SoCs ezine-cores ze-ARM ezisezantsi.
La ibhodi yokuthwala okanye ibhodi ye-base kulapho i-COM inyuswe khona, oko kukuthi, le pleyiti inkulu yiyo eya kuhlala enye okanye ngaphezulu kwe-COMs efakwe kwi-slot yokwandisa, njengaxa ufaka ikhadi lemizobo, okanye imodyuli yememori ye-RAM. Ikwibhodi yokuthwala apho ibhasi ukuya kwizihlanganisi zeperipheral eziqhelekileyo ziya kuba. I-motherboard ngumqolo wekhompyuter, apho ezinye zezona zinto zibalulekileyo okanye iinxalenye zesixhobo sakho zikhoyo.
COM vs SBC: Zeziphi iiyantlukwano ezikhoyo?
Ngeli xesha unokuba uyazibuza ukuba yeyiphi umehluko, ukongeza kwizinto eziluncedo okanye ezingeloncedo i-COM xa ithelekiswa ne-SBC, ke, sinala manqaku alandelayo anomdla:
- Ukusebenza: ngelixa i-SBC ngokuqhelekileyo yenzelwe ukubonelela ngokusebenza okusisiseko, ukukwazi ukuqhuba inkqubo yokusebenza elula kunye nee -apps ezisisiseko (i-automation ye-ofisi, ukukhangela, ukudlala kwe-multimedia, njl. njl.), i-COM inentsebenzo ephezulu, edla ngokuthelekiswa neyesiqhelo. I-PC okanye ilaptop, ukuze ukwazi ukwenza umsebenzi onzima.
- Ixabiso: I-SBC inexabiso eliphantsi, banokubiza ngokubanzi amashumi ambalwa eeuro, ngelixa i-COM ibiza kakhulu kuba idibanisa amacandelo aphezulu okusebenza, ngoko banokubiza amakhulu eeuro kwezinye iimeko.
- Iimodyuli: Ukwahlula idizayini yebhodi yokuthwala kunye nemodyuli ye-COM yenza iikhonsepthi zokuyila zibe yimodyuli ngakumbi, ngoko ke imodyuli ye-COM inokutshintshwa ukuba iyasilela okanye inokutshintshwa enye kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu okanye ngaphezulu ukuya kumhla ukuba uyathanda. Oku akunjalo kwi-SBC, kuba ukuba ufuna ukongezwa kuya kufuneka uthenge entsha.
- Ukwenziwa komntu: I-SBC iqhele ukuba nenkqubo ye-I/O elinganiselweyo, enamazibuko ambalwa. I-motherboard ehamba ne-COM ingaba nenani elikhulu lamachweba, ukwandisa amandla kunye nokudibanisa ubuninzi beeperipherals ezahlukeneyo.
- Ubukhulu: Nangona imodyuli ye-COM idla ngokuba yincinci, iibhodi zokuthwala azikho zincinci, zinesayizi enkulu kune-SBC. Ke ngoko, i-SBC inokuba luncedo kwiiprojekthi apho ubungakanani bubalulekile, kwaye apho ibhodi yomama enkulu iyingxaki.
Ezinye iingqikelelo ezifanayo
Ukongeza kwi-SBC kunye ne-COM, kukho kwakhona ezinye iingqikelelo ezifanayo Yintoni omele uyazi, ukuze ungabaphambanisi:
Yintoni i-SIP?
Un Inkqubo-kwi-Package (SiP) luhlobo lokupakisha oludibanisa iisekethe ezininzi ezidibeneyo kwiphakheji efanayo, apho zidibaniswe ngaphakathi. Amacandelo anje ngememori ye-DRAM, inkumbulo ye-flash, iiprosesa kunye nezinye izinto ezisisiseko zihlala zibekwe ngaphakathi kwe-SiP, zizenza iinkqubo ezibhityileyo.
Isibheno se-SiP kukuba sinokudibanisa inkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kwiphakheji elula kakhulu, okwenza kube lula ukudibanisa kwiinkqubo apho ubukhulu buba khona okanye ukulula ngakumbi ukudibanisa kwezinye iinkqubo ezinkulu. Nangona kunjalo, azikwazi ukusebenza ngokwazo, kuba Baya kufuna iPCB ngamazibuko e-I/O ayimfuneko.
Umzekelo weSiP ngu I-STMicroelectronics ST53G, edibanisa i-microcontroller kunye ne-RF amplifier yokusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zokuhlawula ngaphandle koqhagamshelwano kwizixhobo ezincinci, ezifana nezixhobo ze-IoT, izinto zokunxiba, njl.
Xa kuthelekiswa ne-COM kunye ne-SBC, i-SiP inikezela ngokudityaniswa okukhulu kwamacandelo kwiphakheji enye, enokubangela unyawo oluncinci kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafani ne-COM okanye i-SBC, i-SiP ingaba nzima ngakumbi ukwenza ngokwezifiso okanye ukuphucula, njengoko zonke iinqununu zayo zihlanganiswe kwiphakheji enye, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kudla ngokuphantsi.
Yintoni iSOM?
Un Inkqubo-kwimodyuli (SoM) Yibhodi ye-elektroniki edibanisa amacandelo abalulekileyo, njenge-System-on-Chip (SoC), ukugcinwa, ii-antenna, izixhobo zokufaka / zokuphuma, phakathi kwabanye. Eyona nto ikhompyutheni epheleleyo, kunye ne-I / O, kodwa kwisayizi encinci kakhulu, ukuba idibaniswe kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwiirobhothi ukuya kwizixhobo zendlu, kubandakanywa nezinye izixhobo zoshishino okanye ezifakwe ngaphakathi.
Abanye abavelisi bebesebenzisa ezi SoM kwiimveliso zabo ukusuka kwi-DEC engasebenziyo kunye ne-Sun Microsystems, ukuya kwi-Motorola, IBM, Xerox, njl.
Yintoni i-MCU?
Un isilawuli esincinci (MCU okanye iYunithi yoLawulo lweMicro) Yisekethe encinci edibeneyo equlethe ikhompyutha ngaphakathi. Ngoxa i-CPU iyunithi yokucubungula kuphela kwaye idinga iibhasi, i-I / O kunye nememori, i-MCU inayo yonke into ngaphakathi kwe-chip efanayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba idlula ngaphaya kwe-CPU, njengoko ibandakanya i-CPU, imemori, kunye ne-I/O. Ii-MCU zingqondo yezixhobo ezininzi esizisebenzisayo kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, ukusuka kwezo unazo ekhaya, ukuya kwizithuthi zakho, ukuya koomatshini bemizi-mveliso. Izicelo zayo zinokwahluka kakhulu, ukusuka ekulawuleni amaqondo obushushu okanye ezinye iiparamitha ngokusebenzisa abenzi boluvo, ukuvelisa uhlobo oluthile lwemveliso ngokuxhomekeka kwimeko yamagalelo ukwenza izenzo, njl. Umzekelo oya kuwazi ngokusondeleyo yibhodi ye-Arduino, ebandakanya i-MCU.
Yintoni i-SoC?
Kwelinye icala, a Inkqubo-kwi-Chip (SoC) Yisekethe edibeneyo edibanisa amacandelo ahlukeneyo enkqubo yekhompyuter kwi-chip enye, kwaye ihlala ihamba ngaphaya kwezinto ze-MCU, ukongeza ekuyilwe ukuba ibe nokusebenza okuphezulu ngokubanzi, kuba ii-MCUs zenzelwe iiprojekthi ezilinganiselweyo, ngelixa i-MCU ijongelwa phantsi. Ii-SoCs zinokuba yintliziyo yeekhompyuter ezinamandla okanye izixhobo eziphathwayo.
La macandelo aqhelekileyo zibandakanya iiyunithi zokusetyenzwa (CPU, GPU, DSP, NPU,…), imemori, abalawuli beperipheral, ujongano lonxibelelwano kunye nezinye izinto iyimfuneko ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo epheleleyo. Eminye imizekelo ye-SoC inokususela kwi-Broadcom esebenzisa iRaspberry Pi, ukuya kwi-Samsung Exynos, i-Qualcomm Snapdragon, kunye ne-Mediatek Helios/Dimensity yezixhobo eziphathwayo, ngokusebenzisa ezinamandla ngakumbi ezifana nezo zisuka kwi-AMD yeevidiyo zomdlalo wevidiyo, i-Apple M- Uthotho , njl.
Las Umahluko phakathi kwe-MCU kunye ne-SoC ikakhulu kubunzima bazo kwaye kumacandelo awenzayo, nangona, kwakhona, njengazo zonke ezi ngcamango, kunokubhidanisa, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukwahlula.
Kusenokubakho ezinye iindlela zokudibanisa ikhompyuter epheleleyo njengePoP (iPakethe kwiPakethe), i-MCM (iModyuli ye-Multi-Chip) okanye i-chiplets, ngokupakishwa kwe-3D, i-SOW (i-System on Wafer), nge-FPGA, njl. Nangona kunjalo, ezona zixhaphakileyo kwiiprojekthi zombane zezi zingentla.