I-Raspberry Pi ikhuphe iinkcukacha ezimbini ezintsha PCIe FFC izixhumi, zombini i-wiring kunye nomgangatho omtsha we-HAT + okanye i-HAT Plus. Ngale ndlela, i-hardware okanye izincedisi zinokuphuhliswa I-Raspberry Pi, ngokukodwa kwiinguqulelo ze-4 kunye ne-5, kuba iza neenkcukacha ezithile malunga nemilinganiselo yomatshini kunye nokuhambelana kombane.
Ewe, ukuba unomdla wokwazi ezi nkcukacha ze phuhlisa owakho umnqwazi okanye ngenxa yokufuna ukwazi, apha unazo zonke iinkcukacha...
PCIe FFC isidibanisi ucingo: iinkcukacha
I-Raspberry Pi 5 entsha yabhengezwa kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, kwaye i-Raspberry Pi Foundation sele ihambisa izinto ezinomdla phambili kule SBC entsha. Umzekelo, ikhuphe iinkcukacha zale intsha PCIe FFC isinxibelelanisi onokuyibona kumfanekiso wangaphambili nakwiPDF endiyincamathele ngezantsi.
Abanye abantu basenokuba bebezama ngayo kwaye bade bakhuphe iimveliso ezinje nge M.2 UMnqwazi ngenxa ye-Raspberry Pi 5 ukususela ngoko, ukukwazi ukudibanisa iiyunithi zokugcina i-M.2, uthungelwano, njl., njengoko sele sikhankanyile ngaphambili, nangona i-pinout kunye neenkcukacha azikho.
Kodwa ngoku iRaspberry Pi ikhuphe ngokusemthethweni iinkcukacha zokwenza izinto zibe lula ngePCIe FFC isinxibelelanisi esifumaneka kwiRaspberry Pi 5, kwaye mhlawumbi iimodeli ezizayo ngokunjalo. I-16-pin ye-FFC isinxibelelanisi esine-0.5 mm pitch features a Indlela enye PCIe 2.0 interface (x1), into ebesiyazi kakade, kodwa ngoku umzobo wepini kunye neengcebiso zekhebula le-FFC (ukuya kwi-50 mm ubude kunye ne-impedance elawulwa kwi-90R +/- 10%) nazo zenziwe zifumaneke.
Yinyani leyo PCIeGen 2 Isenokubonakala iphelelwe lixesha, kuba kwi-PC sele sinayo i-PCIe Gen 5, kodwa inyaniso kukuba le Raspberry Pi yanele ngenxa yesantya esibonelela ngayo. Umzekelo, sinokuthembela koku:
- Ububanzi: Ireyithi yokutshintshela ngomzila ukuya kutsho kwi-5.0 GT/s (gigatransfers ngesekhondi) ngomzila ngamnye, oko kuya kuba ngowona mgangatho uphezulu esinokuwufumana ngalo mgangatho. Oku kunika isantya esiphezulu sethiyori ye-500 MB / s kwicala ngalinye.
- Imizila: Njengoko usazi, i-PCIe 2.0 ixhasa ulungelelwaniso olunamanani ahlukeneyo eendlela, ezifana no-x1, x2, x4, x8, kunye no-x16. Nangona kunjalo, iRaspberry Pi, njengoko benditshilo, ixhasa kuphela i-x1.
- Ukuhambelana nokubuyela ngasemva: I-PCIe 2.0 ibuyela ngasemva iyahambelana noguqulelo lwangaphambili, i-PCIe 1.0. Oku kuthetha ukuba izixhobo ze-PCIe 1.0 zinokusebenza kwiindawo zokubeka i-PCIe 2.0 kwaye ngokuphambene noko, nangona isantya sokudluliselwa kwenguqulo endala.
- Ukubambezeleka: Ukubambezeleka ngokuqhelekileyo kuphantsi xa kuthelekiswa ne-PCIe 1.0, ephucula ukusebenza kokudluliselwa kwedatha.
- Amandla: I-PCIe 2.0 ibandakanya iimpawu zolawulo lwamandla eziphuculweyo, ezivumela ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokufanelekileyo xa isixhobo singasetyenziswa.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ezi nkcukacha zePCIe 2.0 ngokubanzi, kwaye ukuphunyezwa okuthe ngqo kunokwahluka ngomvelisi we-chipset kunye ne-SBC. Kwaye, njengoko uJeff Geerling ebonisile, i-PCIe Gen 3 inokunikwa amandla, nangona oku kungasemthethweni ...
Raspberry Pi HAT + umgangatho: iinkcukacha
Emva kokuthetha oko malunga ne-PCIe entsha ye-FFC isinxibelelanisi, ngoku siqhubela phambili kwi-HAT, kwaye ikhuphe ngokusemthethweni i-Hardware esemgangathweni kwi-Top specication zeminqwazi esungulwe kwi-SBC Raspberry Pi 5 entsha, njengoko yaziswa ukususela ngo-2014 ukuba ibe. ekwazi ukwandisa amandla ale SBC, esele iphelelwe lixesha, kwaye inkcazo entsha yomgangatho ngoku ibizwa ngokuba yi-HAT + okanye iHAT Plus.
Ewe, iinkcukacha Zizo zilandelayo:
- I-HAT + kufuneka ihambelane nombane kunye ne-STANDBY amandla ombane we-Raspberry Pi 5. Ngoko ke, indlela yamandla ye-5V ivuliwe, kodwa umbane we-3.3V uya kucima. Oku kuyinyani kwi-Pi 4 kunye ne-Pi 5, urhulumente ongekho kwiimodeli ezindala ze-SBC. Ukongeza, qaphela iinkcukacha ezimbini ezinokuthi zibaluleke ngale ndlela:
- I-WARM-STANDBY: kule meko, i-Raspberry Pi inazo zonke iindlela zamandla ezinikwe amandla, imowudi engagqibekanga apho inkqubo ibekwe khona xa usenza "i-sudo halt" okanye umsebenzi wokuvala okuthambileyo kunye neqhosha lamandla ebhodini. I-WARM-STANDBY yinto engagqibekanga kwi-Raspberry Pi OS, ngoko zombini i-5V kunye ne-3.3V yenziwe, kwaye yiyo loo nto ndilinganise amandla okusetyenziswa kwe-1.7W ye-Raspberry Pi 5 xa icinyiwe. Singatshintsha /boot/config.txt (POWER_OFF_ON_HALT=1, WAKE_ON_GPIO=0) ukunciphisa oko ukuvala ukuya kuthi ga kwiqanda. Ke kutheni ingenziwanga ngokuzenzekelayo? Ngenxa yokuba ezinye ii-HAT zifuna zombini i-5V kunye ne-3.3V, kodwa i-HAT + idinga kuphela i-5V enye. Ewe kunjalo, kuyacelwa ukuba ukufikelela kwezinye iziqhagamshelo kunye neRaspberry Pi 5 epholileyo esebenzayo ingaphazanyiswa.
- I-STANDBY: kule meko kuphela umgca we-5V unikwe amandla, ngoko ke i-chip yokulawula amandla inikwe amandla. Nangona kunjalo, akukho okunye ukubonelela ngombane okwenziwe ukuba kusebenze kwi-PMIC okanye ebhodini. Inokuqwalaselwa ukuba ingenise le mowudi usebenzisa i "sudo halt" umyalelo okanye ngebhodi yokuvala iqhosha usebenzisa i-EEPROM.
- Ngoku imilinganiselo ye-HAT ayinamsebenzi njengangaphambili. Ngoko ke, iinkcukacha ezimalunga nemilinganiselo azicaciswanga kangako. Oko kukuthi, ibhodi yeHAT + idinga kuphela ukudibanisa kwi-40-way GPIO header (kubandakanywa ne-ID_* izikhonkwane), kwaye ibe nomngxuma omnye womatshini wokuxhoma olungelelaniswe nomnye wemingxuma emine yokunyuka kweRaspberry Pi, enye ikhululekile. kumyili.
- Ngokuphathelele umxholo wememori ye-HAT ye-EEPROM, ngoku yenziwe lula ukwenza izinto zibe lula.
- Inkcazo entsha okanye iklasi ekhethekileyo ye-HAT + ngoku iyaxhaswa enokuthi ifakwe nge-HAT + eyongezelelweyo phezulu, idala i-stack ukuya kwii-HAT ezi-2.
- Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iibhodi ze-HAT + ziya kuba yi-elektroniki ngasemva zihambelana neemodeli ezindala, ngoko zingasetyenziselwa kwiibhodi ze-Raspberry Pi SBC ngaphambi kwe-Pi 4 kunye ne-5. Kodwa kuphela kwinqanaba le-elektroniki, njengoko banokufuna i-firmware ehlaziyiweyo kunye nesofthiwe. ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Kwakhona yongeza ukuba esinye isizathu sokuba kutheni i-HAT + esanda kukhutshwa inkcazo ikwisigaba soyilo kukuba izixhobo ze-EEPROM zisahlaziywa kwi-parameters entsha, elula ye-EEPROM.