RP2040: iRaspberry Pi microcontroller yokufunda koomatshini

Isaac

Imizuzu ye6

RP2040

I-Raspberry Pi Foundation isungule ngaphezu kweebhodi zayo ze-SBC, kunye nezongezo zehardware ezinomdla. Mhlawumbi enye engaziwa kakhulu njenge i-Raspberry Pi, kubalulekile ukunyanga i-chip RP2040, isixhobo esinomdla kubenzi abanomdla kwi-AI kunye nokufunda komatshini.

Kweli nqaku siza kuxubusha oku nzulu. umphelelisi ogqibeleleyo kwi-SBC edumileyo.

Yintoni i-RP2040?

I-Raspberry Pi Ltd iyile isekethe ebizwa ngokuba yi-RP2040, eyathi yaziswe ngoJanuwari 2021 njengenxalenye yebhodi entsha yeRaspberry Pi Pico SBC eyasungulwa ngulo mbutho kwimarike. Le chip RP2040 akukho nto ngaphezu 32-bit microcontroller chip nge ingundoqo ezimbini ze-ARM Cortex-M0+.

I-ARM Cortex-M0+ ngundoqo we-CPU eyenzelwe ngokukodwa usetyenziso iinkqubo ezizinzisiweyo kunye ne-microcontrollers. I-architecture yayo ye-32-bit inikeza ukusebenza okuphuculweyo xa kuthelekiswa ne-8-bit okanye i-16-bit izakhiwo. Ukongeza, imele ukuba yiprosesa yamandla aphantsi, eyenza ilungele izixhobo ezisebenza ngebhetri kunye nezinye izicelo ezifuna ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla.

Lo ngundoqo usebenzisa i-Thumb-2 yokwandisa imiyalelo, indibaniselwano ye-16-bit kunye ne-32-bit imiyalelo ephucula ukuxinana kwekhowudi kunye nokusebenza kwizicelo ezinqatshelwe kwimemori. Ngombhobho wamanqanaba amathathu, ifezekisa ukuphunyezwa ngokufanelekileyo kwemiyalelo, igcina ibhalansi phakathi kokusebenza kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla.

I-ARM Cortex-M0+ idibanisa a isiphazamiso esisebenzayo ukulawula imicimbi yexesha lokwenyani kunye nemisebenzi ngokufanelekileyo. Idizayinelwe ukunika ukusebenza okufanelekileyo ngexabiso elikhuphisanayo, le ngundoqo ifunyenwe ngokuqhelekileyo iphunyezwe kwii-microcontrollers ezisetyenziswa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo ezifakwe ngaphakathi, ukusuka kwiinkqubo zokulawula ukuya kwizixhobo zasekhaya kunye nezixhobo zonyango.

Ngaloo ndlela yaba yi-microcontroller yokuqala eyilwe nguRaspberry Pi, nangona i-IP core yayiyilwe ngokupheleleyo yiArm. Ixabiso layo eliphantsi livumele ukuba lidityaniswe kwi-Raspberry Pi Pico SBC, ngexabiso elimalunga ne-$ 4 kuphela, ekubeni i-IC ixabisa i-$ 1 kuphela.

Le chip RP2040 inokucwangciswa ukuba isebenze kusetyenziswa iilwimi ezahlukeneyo zokucwangcisa. Omnye wabo unokuba yi-ARM assembler, enye i-C, C ++, i-PASCAL yamahhala, i-Rust, i-Go, i-MicroPython, i-CircuitPython, i-Ada, njl. Ngaphaya koko, kulapho itsalela khona eyona ngqalelo, inamandla ngokwaneleyo ukuba sebenzisa iTensorFlow Lite kwizicelo ze-AI.

I-TensorFlow Lite luhlobo olukhaphukhaphu kwaye olusebenzayo lweTensorFlow, edumileyo isakhelo sokufunda ngomatshini iphuhliswe nguGoogle. Idizayinelwe ngokukodwa izixhobo eziphathwayo, iisistim ezizinzisiweyo, kunye neendawo ezithintelweyo zezixhobo, iTensorFlow Lite ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise iimodeli zokufunda ngomatshini kumaqonga anenkumbulo kunye nemiqobo yamandla ekhompyuter. Ibonelela ngezixhobo zokuguqula iimodeli eziqeqeshwe kwi-TensorFlow eqhelekileyo kwifomathi ehambelana neselula, ikwenza kube lula ukuhambisa usetyenziso lwe-AI kwii-smartphones, ii-microcontrollers, kunye nezinye izixhobo ezinomda olinganiselweyo wokubala. I-TensorFlow Lite sisisombululo esiguquguqukayo sokusebenzisa iimodeli zokufunda zoomatshini kwi-Edge kunye nezixhobo ze-IoT, eyenza ukuba ukuthambekela okukhawulezayo nokufanelekileyo ekuhlaleni, ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kuqhagamshelwano lwamafu.

Ukuqhubela phambili ngesihloko se-RP2040, kufuneka kuthiwe le chip idityaniswe kwiibhodi ezininzi ze-SBC ezivela kubakhiqizi abahlukeneyo, njengaye. Adafruit, Arduino, SparkFun, Pimoroni, njl. KwiRaspberry Pi, ibonelela ngeempawu ezibalulekileyo ngexabiso eliphantsi. Ngokomzekelo, isetyenziselwe i-Raspberry Pi Pico kunye ne-Pico W, i-Arduino Nano RP2040, i-Pimoroni Tiny RP2040, i-Adafruit Micro, i-SparkFun Pro Micro, njl.

RP2040 Iinkcukacha

Ngokuphathelele RP2040 iinkcukacha zobugcisa, singafumana oku kulandelayo:

  • I-Chip yenziwe nge-40 nm node okanye inkqubo kwisiseko se-TSMC.
  • Ipakishwe kuhlobo lwe-7x7mm QFN enabafowunelwa abangama-56 kunye nokunyuswa komphezulu okanye i-SMD.
  • I-ARM Cortex-M0+ i-dual-core CPU kwi-133 Mhz, kunye nenkxaso yokugqithisa. Undoqo ngamnye une-peripheral integer divisor kunye ne-interpolators ezimbini.
  • Isebenzisa imemori ye-SRAM ekhawulezayo ye-264 KB umthamo, kunye neebhanki ezizimeleyo ezi-6, ezine ze-64 KB kunye ezimbini ze-4 KB.
  • Ayinayo imemori ye-flash okanye i-EEPROM yangaphakathi, ngoko ke, emva kokusetha kwakhona okanye ukuvala, i-boot-loader ilahlekile kwaye iya kulayishwa nge-firmware yangaphandle.
  • Umlawuli webhasi ye-QSPI, exhasa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-16 MB yememori ye-flash yangaphandle.
  • I-DMA okanye isilawuli sofikelelo ngqo kwimemori.
  • I-AHB crossbar, iqhagamshelwe ngokupheleleyo.
  • I-LDO (i-Low-Dropout Regulator) idityaniswe kwi-chip kunye neprogrammable ukuvelisa amandla ombane angundoqo.
  • Ii-PLL ezimbini ezidityanisiweyo kwi-chip ukuvelisa iiwotshi eziphambili kunye nefrikhwensi ye-USB.
  • I-30 GPIO ene-4 njengosetyenziso olukhethiweyo lwamagalelo e-analog.
  • Inkxaso ye-peripheral kunye nabalawuli: i-2x UARTs, i-2x SPI, i-2x I2C, i-16x PWM, i-USB 1.1, i-PHY kunye ne-8 PIO okanye izikhonkwane zemveliso ezicwangcisiweyo zoomatshini.

Ukusetyenziswa okanye usetyenziso

I-chip ye-RP2040 ibe sisiseko seeprojekthi ezininzi kunye neemveliso ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo kunye nobuchule obubalaseleyo. Ufumene izicelo kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo ezizinzisiweyo, ukuvula uluhlu lwamathuba kubasebenzisi abohlukeneyo.

Enye yokusetyenziswa kwayo okuqhelekileyo kwintsimi yophuhliso lwe Iiprojekthi ze-elektroniki, ukuxatyiswa ngokukodwa ngabathandi kunye neengcali ngokudala izixhobo zesiko ngenxa yeendleko eziphantsi kunye namandla okusebenza. Ukongeza, ibe nempembelelo enkulu kwimfundo yesayensi yekhompyuter, isetyenziswa kwizicwangciso zemfundo ukufundisa iikhonsepthi zeprogram kunye ne-hardware, ukubonelela abafundi ngentshayelelo ebonakalayo kwisayensi yekhompyuter.

Kwintsimi ye automation kunye nolawulo, i-RP2040 idityaniswe kwiinkqubo ezifana nezixhobo zekhaya ezihlakaniphile kunye neeprojekthi ze-automation ye-industrial automation, ukusebenzisana kunye ne-sensor kunye ne-actuators ukulawula nokubeka iliso kwiindawo. Ikwafumene izicelo kwiirobhothi, ezisebenza njengengqondo yeerobhothi kunye nezithuthi ezizimeleyo, kunye nekhono elongezelelweyo lokuqhuba iTensorFlow Lite yokuphunyezwa komatshini wokufunda.

Ukuguquguquka kwe-RP2040 kuphawulwe kuphuhliso lwe prototyping ngokukhawuleza, ukuququzelela ukudala ngokukhawuleza kweemveliso ezintsha kunye nobuchwepheshe. Uncedo lwayo lufikelela kwi-Intanethi yeZinto (IoT), apho isetyenziswa kwizixhobo eziqhagamshelwe kwinethiwekhi ukuqokelela idatha kunye nokuthumela ulwazi efini, ngenxa yobungakanani bayo obubambeneyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla.

Ukongeza, i-RP2040 idityaniswe kwiiprojekthi zentsebenziswano kunye nemithombo evulelekileyo, ikhuthaza uluntu vula izixhobo zekhompyutha. Ukusuka kwizicelo zokuzonwabisa ukuya kwiiprojekthi zobugcisa ezisebenzisanayo, iRP2040 iye yaba lukhetho oludumileyo kwindawo yokuzonwabisa kunye nebala lokuzonwabisa.


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