Kunamamojula amaningi we-Arduino noma okusetshenziselwa amaphrojekthi we-DIY ngabenzi. Uma kwenzeka kuba I-L298N iyisimo sokulawula izinjini. Ngawo ungasebenzisa amakhodi alula ukwenza hlela ibhodi yethu ye-Arduino futhi ukwazi ukulawula ama-DC motors ngendlela elula nelawulwayo. Ngokuvamile, lolu hlobo lwemodyuli lusetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-robotic noma kuma-actuator anezimoto, yize ingasetshenziselwa ubuningi bezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Sesivele sikufake konke okudingayo mayelana imodyuli ye-ESP, ene-chip ye-ESP8266, a module evumela ukunweba amandla Amabhodi we-Arduino namanye amaphrojekthi ukuze abe nokuxhumeka kwe-WiFi. Lawa ma-module awasetshenziswa kuphela wedwa, okuhle ukuthi angahlanganiswa. Isibonelo, i-ESP8266 ingasetshenziselwa uhlobo lwethu kanye ne-L298N, lapho singathola khona imoto elawulekayo nge-Intanethi noma nge-wireless.
Isingeniso se-L298N nama-datasheet:
Yize nge-Arduino ungasebenza futhi nama-stepper motors, aziwa kahle kuma-robotic, kulokhu kuvame kakhulu ukusebenzisa isilawuli noma umshayeli wama-DC motors. Ungathola imininingwane mayelana ne-chip ye-L298 namamojula kumadathasethi wabakhiqizi, njenge STMicroelectronics kusuka kulesi sixhumanisi. Uma ufuna ukubona i-datasheet yemodyuli ethile, hhayi i-chip kuphela, ungalanda le enye i-PDF yefayela le- IHandsontec L298N.
Kodwa uma kukhulunywa kabanzi, iL298N umshayeli wohlobo lwe-H-bridge ovumela isivinini nesiqondiso sokuzungeziswa kwama-DC motors ukuthi alawulwe. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ngama-stepper motors kalula ngenxa ye-2 H-ibhuloho lokho kusebenza. Lokho kusho ukuthi, ibhuloho eliku-H, okusho ukuthi lakhiwa ama-transistor ama-4 azovumela ukuhlehlisa ukuqondiswa kwamanje ukuze i-rotor yemoto ikwazi ukuzungeza iye kolunye uhlangothi noma kolunye njengoba sifuna. Lokhu kuyinzuzo ngaphezu kwezilawuli ezikuvumela kuphela ukulawula ijubane lokujikeleza (RPM) ngokulawula kuphela inani lamandla okuhambisa.
I-L298N ingasebenza ngezinhlobonhlobo voltages, kusuka ku-3v kuye ku-35v, futhi ngamandla ka-2A. Yilokhu okuzonquma ukusebenza nokusebenza kwejubane lokujikeleza kwemoto. Kumele kucatshangwe ukuthi i-elekthronikhi esetshenziswa imodyuli ivame ukusebenzisa cishe u-3v, ngakho-ke imoto izohlala ithola okuncane okungu-3v emandleni esiwondlayo. Ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu ngandlela thile, empeleni kunento enamandla ephezulu edinga i-heatsink njengoba ubona esithombeni.
Ukulawula ijubane, ungenza okuthile okuphambene nalokho esikwenzile nge-LM35, kulokhu, esikhundleni sokuthola i-voltage ethile kokukhiphayo bese uyiguqula ibe ngama-degree, nakhu kuzoba okuphambene. Sondla umshayeli ngamandla aphansi noma aphezulu ukuthola ukujika okusheshayo noma okuhamba kancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imodyuli ye-L298N futhi ivumela ibhodi le-Arduino ukuthi linikwe amandla ku-5v inqobo nje uma sondla umshayeli okungenani nge-12v voltage.
Ukuhlanganiswa ne-Arduino
Kukhona ubuningi bamaphrojekthi ongasebenzisa le module L298N. Eqinisweni, ungacabanga nje konke ongakwenza ngakho bese uqala ukusebenza. Isibonelo, isibonelo esilula kungaba ukulawula kwama-motors amabili aqondile njengoba kungabonakala kumdwebo wangaphambilini owenziwe noFritzing.
Ngaphambi kokusebenza ne-L298N kufanele sinake ukuthi okokufaka kwemodyuli noma iVin isekela ukuqhuma phakathi kuka-3v no-35v nokuthi kufanele futhi siyixhume emhlabathini noma ku-GND, njengoba kungabonakala esithombeni ngekhebula elibomvu nelomnyama ngokulandelana. Uma usuxhunywe emandleni, into elandelayo ukuxhuma imoto noma izinjini ezimbili eyamukela ukuzilawula ngasikhathi sinye. Lokhu kulula, kufanele nje uxhume ama-terminals amabili ezimoto kuthebhu yokuxhuma ene-module ohlangothini ngalunye.
Futhi manje kuza mhlawumbe okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, futhi ukuxhuma ukuxhumana kwemodyuli izikhonkwane ku-Arduino kahle. Khumbula ukuthi uma i-jumper noma ibhuloho lemodyuli livaliwe, okungukuthi, kuvuliwe, i-module's voltage regulator iyasebenza futhi kunokukhishwa okungu-5v ongakusebenzisa ukunika amandla ibhodi le-Arduino. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ususa i-jumper ucisha umlawuli futhi udinga ukunika amandla i-Arduino ngokuzimela. iso! Ngoba i-jumper ingasethwa kuphela kuma-voltages ayi-12v, ngaphezu kwalokho kufanele uyisuse ukuze ungalimazi imodyuli ...
Ungakwazisa lokho kukhona ukuxhumana okungu-3 kwemoto ngayinye. Lezo ezimakwe njengo-IN1 kuye ku-IN4 yizo ezilawula ama-motors u-A no-B. Uma ungenayo eyodwa yezimoto ezixhunywe ngoba udinga eyodwa kuphela, lapho-ke awudingi ukuzifaka zonke. Ama-jumpers ohlangothini ngalunye lwalezi zixhumi zemoto ngayinye yi-ENA ne-ENB, okungukuthi, ukwenza kusebenze imoto engu-A no-B, okumele ibe khona uma sifuna ukuthi zombili izinjini zisebenze.
para imoto A (Kungafana naku-B), kumele sixhumeke ngo-IN1 no-IN2 ozolawula ukujikeleza kokujikeleza. Uma i-IN1 iku-HIGH naku-IN2 KU-LOW, imoto iphendukela kolunye uhlangothi, futhi uma ikUPHANSI naku-HIGH, ijikela kolunye. Ukulawula ijubane lokujikeleza kufanele ususe ama-INA noma i-INB jumpers bese usebenzisa izikhonkwane ezibonakala zikuxhuma ku-Arduino PWM, ukuze kuthi uma siyinika inani kusuka ku-0 kuye ku-255 sithole isivinini esiphansi noma ngaphezulu ngokulandelana.
Kepha izinhlelo futhi zilula ku-Arduino IDE. Isibonelo, ikhodi kuzoba:
<pre>// Motor A
int ENA = 10;
int IN1 = 9;
int IN2 = 8;
// Motor B
int ENB = 5;
int IN3 = 7;
int IN4 = 6;
void setup ()
{
// Declaramos todos los pines como salidas
pinMode (ENA, OUTPUT);
pinMode (ENB, OUTPUT);
pinMode (IN1, OUTPUT);
pinMode (IN2, OUTPUT);
pinMode (IN3, OUTPUT);
pinMode (IN4, OUTPUT);
}
//Mover los motores a pleno rendimiento (255), si quieres bajar la velocidad puedes reducir el valor hasta la mínima que son 0 (parados)</pre>
<pre>//Para mover los motores en sentido de giro contrario, cambia IN1 a LOW e IN2 a HIGH
void Adelante ()
{
//Direccion motor A
digitalWrite (IN1, HIGH);
digitalWrite (IN2, LOW);
analogWrite (ENA, 255); //Velocidad motor A
//Direccion motor B
digitalWrite (IN3, HIGH);
digitalWrite (IN4, LOW);
analogWrite (ENB, 255); //Velocidad motor B
}</pre>