I-Arduino Ngenxa: konke mayelana naleli bhodi lezentuthuko elisemthethweni

Awungeke waneliseke nganoma yimaphi amabhodi entuthuko asemthethweni angenhla. Uma kunjalo, kufanele wazi Arduino Ngenxa, okunye ukunambitheka okusemthethweni kwale pulatifomu emnandi. Ngayo ungakha amaphrojekthi amaningi, njengakuqala, kepha kulokhu kunesici esibaluleke kakhulu, futhi akuyona imemori kuphela, ama-GPIO atholakalayo noma usayizi ...

Ngikhuluma nge-microcontroller ehlanganisa leli bhodi, ngoba i-chip enkulu ayiyona ngokususelwa ku-ARM. Ukutholakala ngaphakathi kwe-Arduino, ngoba konke kusekelwe ekwakhiweni kwe-8-bit AVR, ngenkathi leli elinye ibhodi lisebenzisa i-32-bit ISA ARM. Vele, le chip isuka kuhlobo lwe-Atmel, njengokujwayelekile.

Yini i-Arduino Ngenxa?

Lona Ibhodi le-Arduino Ngenxa kuthwala ukufana okukhulu namanye amabhodi wokuthuthukiswa kwe-Arduino, futhi ukuba kwayo usizo kufana ncamashi. Lokho wukuthi, ukwazi ukudala inqwaba yamaphrojekthi we-elekthronikhi futhi uhlele imidwebo eyahlukahlukene yokuyilawula. Kepha, njengezinye izinhlobo ze-Arduino, inokwehluka kwayo okuphawulekayo ...

Izici zobuchwepheshe, uhlelo kanye ne-pinout

I-Arduino Ngenxa isuselwa kuma-microcontroller chips noma ama-MCU afana ne- I-Atmel SAM3X8E. Ibhodi lokuqala le-Arduino elizosuselwa ku-ARM, ikakhulukazi kumgogodla wokucubungula we-3-bit Cortex-M32. Ukusebenza okungaphezu kwama-8-bit MCU amanye amabhodi afanayo anawo.

Le chip ye-Atmel (okwamanje etholwe yi- Inkampani iMicrochip) yaqala uchungechunge lwayo ngo-2009 ukuqhudelana nama-AVR ayo. Amanye ama-RISC athakazelisa kakhulu futhi anamandla kakhulu kunangaphambilini.

Ngaphandle kwalokho, cishe, futhi unezikhonkwane ezininginjengoba ifaka izikhonkwane ezingama-54 zedijithali ze-I / O, eziyi-12 eziphumayo I-PWM. Kubandakanya okokufaka okungu-12 kwe-analog, ama-UART ama-4 (amachweba we-hardware serial), njll. Futhi, ngokungafani namanye amabhodi e-Arduino, i-Arduino Ngenxa isebenza ku-3.3v esikhundleni se-5v yamanye amabhodi.

Leli bhodi le-Arduino Ngenxa linakho konke okudingayo ukuqala ukudala amaphrojekthi akho, vele ulixhume ku-PC usebenzisa i ikhebula le-microUSB bese uqala ukulanda imidwebo yakho ukuze isebenze. Futhi, le USB ngeke isebenze njengamandla wangaphandle njengakwezinye izimo, kepha ungasebenzisa i-adaptha ye-AC / DC ehambisana nepulagi elihlanganiswa yileli bhodi (i-central pin + 2.1mm).

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele futhi wazi eyabo izici zobuchwepheshe, efingqiwe ku:

• I-Microcontroller: I-Atmel SAM3X8E ARM Cortex-M3 32-bit 84 Mhz
• Izinkumbulo ze-RAM: 96 KB (isatshalaliswe emabhange ama-2 we-64KB + 1 ibhange elingu-32 KB)
• EEPROM: ayinalo lolu hlobo lwememori, ngokungafani namanye amabhodi. I-ARM inekhono lokwenza i-IAP (In Application Programming) ibhalelwe ukukhanya. Ngakho-ke ingasetshenziselwa idatha engashintshi nokugcinwa kwekhodi.
• microUSB: inezingu-2.
  • Uhlelo (olusondele kakhulu ku-jack jack) lapho kuzodingeka ukhethe i-Arduino Due (ProgrammingPort) e-Arduino IDE Lokhu kuxhunywe ngqo ku-chip 16U2.
  • Olunye uhlobo lwendabuko (okukude kakhulu kunamandla wejack) olungasetshenziswa ngokukhetha i-Arduino Ngenxa (NativeUSBPort) e-Arduino IDE. Kulokhu ixhunywe ngqo kwi-SAM3X microcontroller.

• Flash: 512 KB, konke kutholakala ngohlelo, ngoba i-bootloader ayisusi noma yini efana namanye amabhodi e-Arduino

• I-voltage yokusebenza: 3.3v (yize inephini elingu-5v kumaphrojekthi wakho, kanye ne-GND noma umhlabathi)
• Okokufaka kwamandla (kunconyiwe): 7-12v
• I-voltage yokufaka (umkhawulo omkhulu): 6-16v
• Izikhonkwane ze-Digital I / O54, okuyi-12 yayo I-PWM.
• Izikhonkwane zokufaka ze-Analog: Iziteshi eziyi-12.
• Izikhonkwane zokukhishwa kwe-Analog: 2 (i-DAC)
• Amandla wamanje ngephini ngalinye le-I / O: I-130mA
• Amandla wamanje wephini engu-3.3v: I-800mA
• Amandla wamanje wephini engu-5v: I-800mA
• Isisindo nobukhulu: 101.52 × 53.3mm no-36 amagremu.
• Intengo: € 30-40 cishe. Ungayithenga ku-Amazon.

Njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, inetheku USB OTG isivinini esikhulu, ama-UART ama-4, isixhumi se-JTAG, inkinobho yokusetha kabusha, inkinobho yokususa, isixhumi se-SPI, ne-2 TWI. Eqinisweni, lokho okwake kwaphawulwa ngaphambili ngezinga eli-1.0 kuhlobene nezinye zalezi zixhumi:

• TWI ngezikhonkwane ze-SDA ne-SCL
• Imfundo ye-IOREF evumela isihlangu, esixhunywe nokucushwa okufanele, ukuvumelanisa ukungezwani kwayo nokuya kwepuleti.
• Iphini elilodwa elingaxhunyiwe kubekelwe ukusetshenziswa esikhathini esizayo.

Ngendlela, angithandi ukuqeda lesi sigaba ngaphandle kokuphawula okuthile mayelana nalezi ezinye izixhumi ze-serial nezinye. Okungenani i-pinout lapho zitholakala khona:

• I-serial 0: ku-pin 0 (RX) ne-pin 1 (TX)
• I-serial 1: iphini 19 (RX) nephini 18 (TX)
• I-serial 2: iphini 17 (RX) nephini 16 (TX)
• I-serial 3: iphini 15 (RX) nephini 14 (TX)
• I-PWM: hamba kusuka kuzikhonkwane 2 uye ku-13 ukuhlinzeka nge-8-bit PWM.
• I-O yeDijithali: kusuka kuphini 0 kuye ku-53
• Imiphumela ye-Analog: kusuka kuphini A0 kuye ku-A11
• SPI: Inhloko ye-SPI
• CAN: I-CANRX ne-CANTX yokuxhumana kwe-CAN
• LED kufakwe ngaphakathi futhi kuxhunywe kuphini 13
• I-TWI 1: pin 20 (SDA) nephini 21 (SCL)
• I-TWI 2: imakwe njenge-SDA1 SCL1
• I-DAC1 ne-DAC2 ngokulungiswa kokukhishwa kwayo kwama-bits angama-12 (amazinga angama-4096) ane-analogWrite () anezilinganiso zika-0.55v kuye ku-2.75v.
• I-AREF: okokufaka okufakwayo kwe-analog njengesethenjwa samandla kagesi. Kusetshenziswe nomsebenzi we-analogReference ()
• Hlela: uma ubeka lo mugqa ku-LOW noma ezingeni lamandla aphansi, i-microcontroller izisetha kabusha.

Amadokhumenti

Njengamanye amabhodi asemthethweni, i-Arduino Ngenxa inenani elikhulu lemininingwane etholakala emphakathini, njenge-schematics, idatha, imibhalo efana ama-datasheet, njll. Ngale mininingwane uzokwazi ukwazi konke ngaleli puleti ukuze uzuze kakhulu kulo. Isibonelo, unayo le mibhalo onayo:

• I-pinout ephelele
• Ishidi le-data kwe-Atmel SAM3X8E microcontroller
• Amafayela okHOZI ngezikimu zabenzi.
• Izikimu ze-elekthronikhi kusuka epuletini Arduino UNO.
• Izinqolobane ZikaFritzing

I-Arduino IDE nezinhlelo ze-Arduino Ngenxa

Ukuze uhlele i-Arduino Ngenxa, inqubo efanayo iyalandelwa njengamanye amabhodi amaningi e-Arduino. Awudingi isoftware ehlukile ye-IDE njengoba isuselwa ku-ARM. Ngakho-ke, akudingeki ukhathazeke ngalokho, kuzoba sobala ngokuphelele kumhleli wohlelo. Ungakwazi landa noma usebenzise i-Arduino IDE ngokuqondene namanye amapuleti futhi ungawalanda kusuka kulesi sixhumanisi samapulatifomu MacOS, Windows neLinux.

Ulimi lokubhala ikhodi yomthombo yesikeshi futhi kuzofana ncamashi, ngaphandle kokuzivumelanisa ne-pinout nezici ezihlukile ze-Arduino Ngenxa. Uma usaqala, ungasebenzisa i- inkambo yamahhala ye-PDF ye-Arduino IDE. Kuyo, uzofunda ukudala imidwebo yokuqala elula futhi ufunde kangcono kangcono ngohlelo lwe-Arduino. Yize leyo nkambo isuselwa ku- Arduino UNO, isebenza kuzo zonke ezinye izinhlobo ze-Arduino ...

La quirk kuphela Okufanele ukukhumbule lapho ufaka i-Arduino IDE ukuthi, ngokuzenzakalela, iza ikulungele ukuqala Arduino UNO. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ukhethe ibhodi elifanele ukudlulisa ikhodi kusuka kwi-PC iye ebhodini lakho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungalandela lezi zinyathelo ezilula:

1. Vula i-Arduino IDE
2. Iya kumenyu yamathuluzi.
3. Ngemuva kwalokho uye kumaPlaques.
4. Lapho, bheka i-Arduino Ngenxa bese ukhetha enye yezinketho ezimbili ze-USB ezikhona ngokuya ngokuthanda kwakho ...

Manje usungaqhubeka njengokujwayelekile. Jabulela ukwakha amaphrojekthi amasha futhi ungalokothi uyeke ukufunda ...