I-RGB LED: konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nale ngxenye

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-semiconductor diode emakethe, futhi ngaphakathi kwazo kukhona uhlobo oluthile olufana nohlobo lwe-LED (Light-Emitting Diode). Lezi zinhlobo zingakhipha ukukhanya, kepha azifani zonke. Abakhiqizi badlala ngokwakhiwa okuhlukile kwezinto ze-semiconductor ukuze bakhiphe amalambu emibala ehlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona I-RGB LED, esebenzisa inhlanganisela ehlukahlukene yama-LED ukuze ikwazi ukukhipha ukukhanya ngemibala ehlukene.

Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukudala iphrojekthi lapho umbala owodwa we-LED aweneleNgama-RGB LED ungafinyelela imiphumela emihle yokukhanya kwemibala eminingi. Futhi azihlukile kakhulu kuma-LED ajwayelekile, ngakho-ke ungazihlanganisa nebhodi lakho le-Arduino noma kwamanye amaphrojekthi we-elektroniki ngendlela elula kakhulu.

RGB

I-RGB (Blue Green Blue) zimele imibala ebomvu, eluhlaza okotshani nokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kuyinto yokwakheka kombala okujwayelekile okuzwile kaningi emhlabeni we-elekthronikhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele wazi ukuthi ngale mibala emithathu kuphela eminye imibala eminingi engakhiwa, ngoba iyona eyinhloko. Kungakho ama-cartridge we-printer nama-toner angama-cyan, magenta nephuzi (i-CMYK), futhi ngokuhlangana ndawonye nomnyama, amanye amathoni nemibala ehlukahlukene ingafinyelelwa.

Endabeni Isibani se-LED kwenzeka okufanayo, ukwazi ukusebenzisa amalambu ahlukile kuleyo mibala emithathu eyinhloko ukufeza ezinye izinhlanganisela eziningi ezidlula umbala owodwa LED ngokwesiko. Eqinisweni, izinhlobo eziningi ze- izikrini nemishini kagesi isebenzisa le nhlanganisela ukubonisa izithombe.

I-RGB LED

El I-RGB LED Luhlobo olukhethekile lwe-diode ye-LED elenziwe ngamalungu afanayo we-LED alula afana nalawo atholakala kwamanye ama-LED anombala owodwa. Ngale ndlela, bangakhipha kule mibala emithathu eyinhloko, ngaleyo ndlela bakhiqize zonke izinhlobo zemiphumela ehlukile nemibala (ngisho nokumhlophe okuhlanganisa okubomvu, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngasikhathi sinye) ngokulawula esinye sezikhonkwane zalezi zinto.

I-Los Ama-LED amathathu apakishiwe ekufinyezweni okufanayo kuyakwazi ukukhiqiza lonke uhla lwemibala. Ine-pinout ehluke kancane kuma-LED ajwayelekile, ngoba afaka izikhonkwane ezi-3, eyodwa ngombala ngamunye (ama-cathode noma +) nenye eyengeziwe ejwayelekile kubo bonke, i-anode (-). Ngaphandle kwalokho ayinayo imfihlakalo eningi kakhulu ...

Imibala ye-semiconductor nezinto zokwakha

Okuthokozisayo owaziyo ukuthi ngenxa ye Uhlobo lwe-semiconductor imibala ehlukene lungatholakala. Lokhu yilokho okuhlukanisa ama-LED abomvu kokuluhlaza okotshani, ophuzi, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, neminye imibala. Abaphenyi bebelokhu behlanganisa izinto ezahlukahlukene ukufeza yonke imibala ekhona emakethe njengamanje. Ngokwesibonelo:

• IRAma-infrared LEDs asebenzisa ama-GaAs noma ama-AlGaAs njengezinto zokukhipha kule wavelength IR.
• I-Rojo: Ama-AlGaAs, ama-GaAsP, i-AlGaInP ne-GaP asetshenziswa kuma-LED akhanyayo anemibala.
• I-Naranja: izinto ze-semiconductor ezinjengeGaAsP, AlGaInP, GaP zisetshenziswa ngokuhlukahluka okuthile.
• Amarillo: kungaba ukwakheka okufana nokwangaphambilini, okufana ne-GaAsP, i-AlGaInP ne-GaP ukukhipha kubude be-spectrum ye-electromagnetic ehambelana nokuphuzi.
• oluhlaza: ukukhipha kule wavelength, izinto ezikhethekile ezifana neGaP, AlGaInP, AlGaP, InGaN / GaN ziyadingeka.
• Azul: kulokhu, kusetshenziswa ama-semiconductors kanye nama-dopants asuselwa ezintweni ezifana ne-ZnSe, InGaN, SiC, njll.
• I-Violet: idalwe kusuka ku-InGaN.
• I-Purple: Ama-LED amabili aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokubomvu asetshenziselwa ukufeza lo mbala. Ipulasitiki yalo mbala isetshenziswa nokukhanya kwangaphakathi kwe-LED emhlophe ukunikeza lo mphumela.
• Rosa: ayikho impahla yalo mbala, okwenziwayo ukuhlanganisa ama-LED amabili anemibala ehlukene ukufeza lo mbala, njengokubomvu nokuphuzi, njll.
• Mhlophe: nguyena onikeze amandla ama-LED amanje, anemibala emhlophe emhlophe noma efudumele emhlophe. Ngalokhu, ama-LED aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma e-UV asetshenziswa nge-phosphor ephuzi emhlophe emsulwa, noma i-phosphor ewolintshi emhlophe efudumele.
• UV: i-spectrum ye-ultraviolet ingatholakala ngezinto ezahlukahlukene ezifana ne-InGaN, Diamante, BN, AlN, AlGaN, AlGaInN.

Ukuhlanganiswa ne-Arduino

Uma ufuna sebenzisa i-RGB LED nge-Arduino, ungaqala ngokwakha isikimu sesithombe esedlule. Ilula kakhulu, kufanele usebenzise i-RGB LED kanye ne-resistor ye-anode njengoba kwenziwa ngama-LED, bese uyixhuma kwizikhonkwane zedijithali ozifunayo ebhodini lakho le-Arduino. Ukuxhumeka kufanele kube ngokulandelayo:

• Iphini ende: iphini ende kunazo zonke ye-RGB LED kumele ixhunywe kuphini le-GND le-Arduino, ngoba iyona emakwe njenge -, futhi iyi-anode ejwayelekile. Yilapho i-resistor engu-330 ohm izoxhunywa phakathi kwephini le-diode nebhodi le-Arduino.
• I-Rojo: iphini elilodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi lwephini elide. Ungaxhuma lokhu kunoma iyiphi iphini oyifunayo.
• oluhlaza: yilona eceleni kweside, kepha ngakolunye uhlangothi olubomvu. Ungayixhuma futhi kunoma iyiphi iphini yedijithali ye-Arduino.
• Azul: yileso esiseduze nohlaza, ekugcineni okuphambene nokubomvu. Yenza okufanayo nayo ukuze ukwazi ukuyilawula kusuka kokukhiphayo kwe-Arduino.

Ngemuva kwalokhu kuxhumana okuyisisekelo, uzokwazi ukuqala ngokuhlela imidwebo ucabangele izikhonkwane oxhume kuzo iphini ngayinye. Vuliwe I-Arduino IDE ungakhiqiza ikhodi yomthombo omncane ongayilayisha ebhodini lakho le-Arduino ukuqala ukuhlola ukuthi i-RGB LED isebenza kanjani:

void setup()
   {
       for (int i =9 ; i<12 ; i++)
            pinMode(i, OUTPUT);
   }

void Color(int R, int G, int B)
    {     
        analogWrite(9 , R);   // Rojo
        analogWrite(10, G);   // Verde
        analogWrite(11, B);   // Azul
    }

void loop()
   {    Color(255 ,0 ,0);
        delay(1000); 
        Color(0,255 ,0);
        delay(1000);
        Color(0 ,0 ,255);
        delay(1000);
        Color(0,0,0);
        delay(1000);
   }

Ngale khodi elula ungabona ukuthi iqala ibe bomvu, bese iba luhlaza, bese iba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, bese icisha bese iluphu iqala futhi. Ukukhanya ngakunye kuhlala umzuzwana owodwa (1ms). Ungaguqula ukuhleleka, izikhathi, namanani ngaphakathi kwabakaki kuye ku- thola imibala eminingi ngokuhlanganisa. Ngokwesibonelo:

• Inani lokuqala lihambisana nokubomvu futhi ungalihluka kusuka ku-0 kuye ku-255, kuthi u-0 angabi bomvu bese kuthi okungu-255 kube okuphezulu.
• Inani lesibili lihambisana nokuluhlaza, ngamanani asuka ku-0-255 afana nelawo wangaphambilini.
• Okwesithathu kungokwesibhakabhaka, i-ditto eyedlule.

Ukukusiza ukuthi uthole eminye imibala ethile, unga sebenzisa le webhusayithi. Kuyo uhlelo lokusebenza luvela lapho ungakhetha khona ibanga lombala olifunayo ngokuhambisa isikhombisi semibala uye lapho usidinga khona. Bheka ku- amanani ka-R, G no-BUma uziphindaphinda kuhlelo lwakho lwe-Arduino IDE, ungakha umbala owufunayo njengoba wenza kule webhusayithi noma ezinhlelweni ezinjengePaint, Pinta, GIMP, njll. Isibonelo, ukuthola okuluhlaza okubamba iso, ungasebenzisa amanani ayi-100,229,25.

para ulwazi oluthe xaxa Mayelana nokusebenzisa i-Arduino IDE noma uhlelo, unga landa isifundo sethu samahhala se-PDF...