Ungayakha kanjani ingalo erobhothi ngemali encane

Impela abaningi benu baye babona kumafilimu ezinganekwane zesayensi ukuthi usosayensi noma igeek inengalo yerobhothi elawula yonke into futhi ekwazi ukucosha izinto noma enze imisebenzi njengokungathi umuntu. Okuthile okuqhubeka kwenzeka ngenxa Hardware Libre kanye ne-Arduino Project. Kodwa iyini ingalo yerobhothi? Imiphi imisebenzi enayo le gajethi? Yakhiwa kanjani ingalo yerobhothi? Ngezansi sizophendula yonke le mibuzo.

Yini ingalo erobhothi

Ingalo eyirobhothi iyingalo elisebenza ngomshini elinesisekelo se-elekthronikhi esivumela ukuthi ihlelwe ngokuphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lwengalo lungaba yinto eyodwa kepha futhi lungaba yingxenye yerobhothi noma olunye uhlelo lwe-robotic. Ikhwalithi yengalo eyirobhothi uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezinto ezenziwa ngomshini yilokho ingalo eyirobhothi ihlelwa ngokuphelele ngenkathi yonke enye into ingekho. Lo msebenzi usivumela ukuthi sibe nengalo eyodwa yerobhothi yokusebenza okuhlukahlukene nokwenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ehlukile, imisebenzi engenziwa ngenxa yamabhodi we-elekthronikhi afana namabhodi e-Arduino.

Imisebenzi yengalo eyirobhothi

Mhlawumbe umsebenzi oyisisekelo kunayo yonke yengalo eyirobhothi umsebenzi wengalo osizayo. Kokunye ukusebenza sizodinga ingalo yesithathu esekela into ethile ukuze umuntu akwazi ukwakha noma ukudala okuthile. Ngalo msebenzi akukho zinhlelo ezikhethekile ezidingekayo futhi sizodinga kuphela ukucisha idivayisi uqobo.

Izingalo zeRobotic zingakhiwa ngezinto ezahlukahlukene ezenza ukuthi kube lula ukuzisebenzisa esikhundleni semisebenzi eyingozi. njengokukhohliswa kwezinto ezingcolisayo zamakhemikhali. Ingalo eyirobhothi ingasisiza futhi ukuba senze imisebenzi esindayo noma leyo edinga ingcindezi eyenele, inqobo nje uma yakhiwe ngento eqinile futhi engazweli.

Izinto zokwakha ezidingekayo ekwakhiweni kwayo

Ngokulandelayo sizokufundisa ukuthi ungayakha kanjani ingalo yerobhothi ngendlela esheshayo, elula futhi eyonga wonke umuntu. Kodwa-ke, le ngalo eyirobhothi ngeke ibe namandla noma ibe wusizo njengezingalo esizibona kumamuvi kodwa izosiza ekufundeni ngokusebenza nokwakhiwa kwayo. Ukuze, izinto esizodinga ukwakha le divayisi yilezi:

1. Ipuleti  Arduino UNO REV3 noma ngaphezulu.
2. Amabhodi amabili entuthuko.
3. Ama-axis servos amabili ngokufana
4. Ama-servos amabili amancane
5. Izilawuli ezimbili ze-analog ngokufana
6. Izintambo zeJumper zamabhodi entuthuko.
7. I-adhesive tape
8. Amakhadibhodi noma ibhodi le-foam lesitendi.
9. Umsiki nesikele.
10. Ukubekezela okuningi.

Ukuhlanganisa

Ukuhlangana kwale ngalo yerobhothi kulula. Okokuqala kufanele sisike onxande ababili ngegwebu; ngalinye lalezi zonxande lizoba izingxenye zengalo ye-robotic. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona ezithombeni, la ma-rectangles kuzofanele abe ngosayizi esiwufunayo, yize kunconywa lokho usayizi womunye wabo ngu-16,50 x 3,80 cm. futhi unxande wesibili unosayizi olandelayo u-11,40 x 3,80 cm.

Lapho sesinama-rectangles, ekugcineni kwesinye sikanxande noma umucu ngamunye sizothwebula i-servomotor ngayinye. Ngemuva kokwenza lokhu, sizosika u "U" wegwebu. Lokhu kuzosebenza njengengxenye yokubamba noma yokuphela kwengalo, okungaba yisandla kumuntu. Sizojoyina lesi siqephu ku-servomotor esisexandeni esincane kunazo zonke.

Manje kufanele senze ingxenye engezansi noma isisekelo. Ngalokhu sizokwenza inqubo efanayo: sizosika isikwele sogwebu bese sibeka ama-axis servo motors amabili ngokufana njengasesithombeni esilandelayo:

Manje kufanele sixhume wonke ama-motors ebhodini le-Arduino. Kepha okokuqala, kufanele sixhume ukuxhumana ebhodini lokuthuthuka nalokhu ebhodini le-Arduino. Sizoxhuma ucingo olumnyama kuphini le-GND, ucingo olubomvu sizoxhuma kuphini we-5V nezintambo eziphuzi ku -11, -10, 4 naku -3. Sizophinde sixhume izinti zokuthokozisa noma izilawuli zengalo eyirobhothi ebhodini le-Arduino, kulokhu njengoba isithombe sikhombisa:

Lapho sesinakho konke okuxhunyiwe nokuhlanganisiwe kufanele sidlulisele uhlelo ebhodini le-Arduino, esizodinga ukuxhumanisa ibhodi le-Arduino kukhompyutha noma i-laptop. Lapho sesidlulisele uhlelo ebhodini le-Arduino, kufanele siqiniseke ukuthi xhuma izintambo ebhodini le-Arduino yize singaqhubeka njalo nebhodi lokuthuthukisa futhi siqaqe konke, lesi sakamuva uma sifuna nje ukuthi sifunde.

Isoftware iyadingeka ukuze isebenze

Yize kubonakala sengathi sesiqedile ukwakha ingalo eyirobhothi, iqiniso ukuthi kusekuningi okuseza futhi okubaluleke kakhulu. Ukwakha noma ukuthuthukisa uhlelo olunikeza ingalo yethu i-robotic ngoba ngaphandle kwalo, ama-servomotor ngeke ayeke ukuba izindlela ezilula zewashi ezijikeleza ngaphandle kwencazelo.

Lokhu kuxazululwa ngokuxhuma ibhodi le-Arduino kwikhompyutha yethu bese sivula uhlelo I-Arduino IDE, sixhuma ikhompyutha ebhodini bese sibhala ikhodi elandelayo kufayela elingenalutho:

#include <Servo.h>

const int servo1 = 3;       // first servo

const int servo2 = 10;      // second servo

const int servo3 = 5;       // third servo

const int servo4 = 11;      // fourth servo

const int servo5 = 9;       // fifth servo

const int joyH = 2;        // L/R Parallax Thumbstick

const int joyV = 3;        // U/D Parallax Thumbstick

const int joyX = 4;        // L/R Parallax Thumbstick

const int joyP = 5;        // U/D Parallax Thumbstick

const int potpin = 0;      // O/C potentiometer

int servoVal;           // variable to read the value from the analog pin

Servo myservo1;  // create servo object to control a servo

Servo myservo2;  // create servo object to control a servo

Servo myservo3;  // create servo object to control a servo

Servo myservo4;  // create servo object to control a servo

Servo myservo5;  // create servo object to control a servo

void setup() {

// Servo

myservo1.attach(servo1);  // attaches the servo

myservo2.attach(servo2);  // attaches the servo

myservo3.attach(servo3);  // attaches the servo

myservo4.attach(servo4);  // attaches the servo

myservo5.attach(servo5);  // attaches the servo

// Inizialize Serial

Serial.begin(9600);

}

void loop(){

servoVal = analogRead(potpin);

servoVal = map(servoVal, 0, 1023, 0, 179);

myservo5.write(servoVal);

delay(15);

// Display Joystick values using the serial monitor

outputJoystick();

// Read the horizontal joystick value  (value between 0 and 1023)

servoVal = analogRead(joyH);

servoVal = map(servoVal, 0, 1023, 0, 180);     // scale it to use it with the servo (result  between 0 and 180)

myservo2.write(servoVal);                         // sets the servo position according to the scaled value

// Read the horizontal joystick value  (value between 0 and 1023)

servoVal = analogRead(joyV);

servoVal = map(servoVal, 0, 1023, 70, 180);     // scale it to use it with the servo (result between 70 and 180)

myservo1.write(servoVal);                           // sets the servo position according to the scaled value

delay(15);                                       // waits for the servo to get there

// Read the horizontal joystick value  (value between 0 and 1023)

servoVal = analogRead(joyP);

servoVal = map(servoVal, 0, 1023, 70, 180);     // scale it to use it with the servo (result between 70 and 180)

myservo4.write(servoVal);                           // sets the servo position according to the scaled value

delay(15);                                       // waits for the servo to get there

// Read the horizontal joystick value  (value between 0 and 1023)

servoVal = analogRead(joyX);

servoVal = map(servoVal, 0, 1023, 70, 180);     // scale it to use it with the servo (result between 70 and 180)

myservo3.write(servoVal);                           // sets the servo position according to the scaled value

delay(15);                                       // waits for the servo to get there

/**

* Display joystick values

*/

void outputJoystick(){

Serial.print(analogRead(joyH));

Serial.print ("---");

Serial.print(analogRead(joyV));

Serial.println ("----------------");

Serial.print(analogRead(joyP));

Serial.println ("----------------");

Serial.print(analogRead(joyX));

Serial.println ("----------------");

}

Siyayigcina bese ngemuva kwalokho siyithumela epuletini Arduino UNO. Ngaphambi kokuqeda ngekhodi sizokwenza izivivinyo ezifanelekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinjabulo ziyasebenza nokuthi ikhodi ayivezi noma yimaphi amaphutha.

Sengivele ngiyiphakamisile, manje ini?

Impela iningi lenu belingalindele lolu hlobo lwengalo yerobhothi, kepha luhle ngenxa yezisekelo zalokho eliyikho, izindleko elinazo nendlela yokufundisa ukwakha i-robot. Ukusuka lapha konke kungokwengqondo yethu. Lokho wukuthi, singashintsha izinto zokwakha, ama-servo motors futhi siqedele nekhodi yohlelo. Nakanjani akushiwo lokho Singashintsha imodeli yebhodi le-Arduino ukuze sibe namandla amakhulu futhi aphelele asivumela ukuthi sixhume irimothi noma usebenze nge-smartphone. Kafushane, anhlobonhlobo amathuba ukuthi Hardware Libre kanye nezingalo zamarobhothi.

Imininingwane engaphezulu - Okuhlelekile