Kungenzeka ukuthi kumaphrojekthi akho udinga ukulungisa i-voltage noma i-voltage yesifunda. Isibonelo, uma unokukhipha okungu-12v futhi udinga ukunika amandla isekethe engu-6v, mhlawumbe udinga okuthile okungabaguqula. Leyo nto iyona ukwahlukanisa amandla kagesi. Isifunda esilula esisebenza ngendlela efanayo nokuthi i-transformer ibingenza kanjani, yize isuselwa ezimisweni ezihluke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwayo.
Ngakho-ke, akufanele udidanise phakathi kwesihlukanisi se-transformer namandla, ngoba eyodwa isebenzisa ama-windings kanye ne-induction ukuguqula i-voltage eyodwa iye kwenye, kanti enye isekethe elilula elenziwe ngama-resistors akwazi ukwahlukanisa i-voltage ibe ama-voltages amabili amancane. Isibonelo, i-transformer ingaguqula u-12v kokufaka kwayo ibe ngu-6v kokukhiphayo kwayo, kepha lokho okwahlukaniswa ngumuntu ukuguqula lawo-12v asuke kokufakwayo kwakhe abe ama-voltages amabili we-6v ekuphumeni kwawo. Uyawubona umehluko?
Uyini umhlukanisi wamandla kagesi?
Un voltage noma voltage ehlukanisayo Kuyisifunda okuthi, njengoba igama laso libonisa, sehlukanise amandla kagesi akhona kokufakwayo kwawo aye kwamanye amanani amancane lapho ephuma khona. Ngakho-ke, kuyisiqeshana esiyisihluthulelo kumasekethe kagesi adinga ama-voltages aphansi kunalawo ahlinzekwa ngamandla kagesi, amabhethri, noma isokhethi onalo.
Ngaphambi kokuthi nginikeze isibonelo sama-12v engihlukanise ama-voltages amabili we-6v, kepha abahlukanisi bamandla kagesi abahlali ngaso sonke isikhathi isigamu samandla wokufaka. Isibonelo, kungaba njalo ukuthi unebhethri le-9v futhi udinga ukuhlukanisa lawo voltage abe ngu-6 no-3v, lokho bekungenzeka futhi, okungukuthi, akudingeki ukuthi zifane ...
Izimiso lapho kusekelwe khona
Njengoba kungabonakala esithombeni, isifunda esiyisisekelo silula. Udinga kuphela ibhethri noma umthombo ozoxhunywa emhlabathini nakuVin osesithombeni ukunika amandla okokuhlukanisa. Isihlukanisi samandla kagesi uqobo senziwe kuphela ngama-resistors amabili axhunywe ochungechungeni. Ngakho-ke, usebenzisa ifomula oyibonayo esithombeni, amandla okukhipha abengaba khona phakathi komhlaba ne-Vout kuzoba umphumela wokuhlukanisa inani lokumelana 2 phakathi kwesamba sika-R1 no-R2, bese uphindaphinda umphumela ngevolthi lokungena.
Kukhona abahlukanisi bamandla we-capacitive futhi, yize bethandwa kakhulu kunabaphikisayo ...
Por ejemploCabanga ukuthi une-voltage yokufaka engu-20v, eno-R1 = 1k no-R2 = 2k. Lokho kungaholela ekukhishweni kwesihlukanisi samandla kagesi sibe ngu-13v. Vele ungadlala ngamanani we-resistors ukudala ukwahlukanisa kwamandla okudingayo. Esinye isibonelo, uma uhluka nje u-R2 ukuze kube ngu-0,5k kuphela kuzoba umphumela ongu-6,6v. Kulula?
Ingabe kukhona okuphindaphindeka kwamandla kagesi?
Yebo kukhona ama-voltage multiplier. Kulokhu futhi kuyisifunda esilula esihlanganisa ama-diode ngokufana. Lokho kunikeza umphumela ophambene, ukuphindaphinda amandla wokufaka ngezici ezahlukahlukene ukuthola ama-voltages aphezulu. Eqinisweni, kungumgomo osetshenzisiwe kuma-inverters adumile ama-laptops, atshisa kakhulu, ashiye indawo eshisayo ngemuva kwesikrini ...
Labo ama-inverters awalutho ngaphezu kwesifunda esinama-diode ngokufana ukwandisa amandla ahlinzekwa yibhethri le-laptop ukunika amandla ezinye izinhlobo zamapaneli wokubonisa. Esigabeni ngasinye, ithola amandla kagesi ize ifinyelele kumanani aphezulu afunwayo, ungenza nokuthi ibhethri lama-volts ambalwa lithole amakhulu noma izinkulungwane zama-volts.
Abanye abahlukanisi / abaphindaphindayo
Ngokusobala electronics kusengaphambili okuningi futhi ivumela ukuhlanganisa lolu hlobo lwamasekethe ku-chip eyodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunabakhiqizi abaningi emakethe abasebenzisa ezinye izinhlobo zabahlukanisi nabaphindaphindayo esifundeni esifanayo. Labo bahlukanisi nabaphindaphindayo engibhekise kubo lapha yimvamisa yewashi. Kepha kufanele wazi ukuthi kukhona namandla wokuphindaphinda kanye nabahlukanisi, njll.
Ungasithola kanjani isihlukanisi samandla kagesi
Nakhu onakho izindlela ezimbili zokuthola i-voltage divider. Ngakolunye uhlangothi ungazakhela isekhethi esihlukanisayo, ngoba asidingi izinto ezibizayo futhi ashibhile. Kepha ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona nokunye okuphakelwa kwamandla okunikeza ukuphuma kwamandla kagesi okuhlukahlukene futhi okulungele ukusetshenziswa ...
Dala isifunda sokuhlukanisa
Kuyindaba yokudlala nama-resistors nokubala amandla kagesi owadingayo ngephrojekthi yakho. Ungabona imininingwane engaphezulu esigabeni lapho kuchazwa khona imigomo yalesi sihloko. Ngendlela, njengombono, Ngiphakamisa ukuthi usebenzise i-potentiometer efana ne-R1, ngakho-ke uzoba nokumelana okuguqukayo ukuthola ama-voltages ahlukahlukene kokukhiphayo ngaphandle kokushintsha isekethe.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ungathola futhi umugqa phakathi kwephoyinti lokuxhuma iVout neVin neR1. Ngakho-ke uzoba nemithamo emibili ehlukene esiyishilo ekuqaleni, kanye nalokho okunikeza amatheminali phakathi kwawo womabili ama-resistors ne-GND ...
Iphutha elijwayelekile kakhulu, lapho usebenzisa umphumela wokwahlukanisa amandla kagesi, uma usuvele unento ehlanganiswe nayo, iyadla futhi ibe nomthelela kumthamo. Ngalesi sizathu, uma ubeka enye into ngokufana naleyo ebisivele ihlanganiswe, i-voltage enikeziwe ingahle yehle futhi ngeke ifane naleyo oyibalile. Ngakho-ke kuphela ukuxhuma idivayisi eyodwa.
Thenga ukunikezwa kwamandla
La inketho elula ukuthenga ukunikezwa kwamandla osekuvele kusetshenzisiwe ngokukhishwa kwamandla kagesi ahlukahlukene, futhi lokho kuvame ukufaka okunye okungeziwe. Kukhona kubo ngamanani ashibhile noma abanye abanemisebenzi engaphezulu okuthile okubiza kakhulu….
Ukwahlukanisa no-Arduino
Vele ungakwenza faka isihlukanisi samandla ku-breadboard bese usihlanganisa nemisebenzi yakho ye-Arduino kalula. Futhi ayisetshenziswanga ukwahlukanisa izingqinamba njengoba sesibonile, ungahlukanisa laba bahlukanisi ngokufaka ezinye izinto ezinjengama-pushbuttons noma amaswishi ukuze ngamandla afanayo ukwazi ukulawula amadivayisi amaningi lapho kukhishwa. Isibonelo, isihlukanisi esilula esixhunywe ebhodini Arduino UNO Ukufunda amanani ochungechungeni
El ikhodi ye-Arduino IDE Kungaba into enjengale:
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
}
</span>void loop() {
int sensorValue = analogRead(A0);
Serial.println(sensorValue);
}
Imininingwane engaphezulu - Inkambo yethu ye-Arduino nge-PDF