Un Umfundi we-RFID iyithuluzi elisetshenziswa kakhulu kunalokho ongase ucabange. Impela ubabonile abanye besebenzisa lolu hlobo lwedivayisi ukuthola omaka, noma ukuthola idatha yolunye uhlobo. Hhayi-ke, kulesi sihloko uzofunda ukuthi yini ngempela enye yalaba bafundi be-RFID, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, ingasetshenziselwa ini, amandla alolu hlobo lwesistimu, kanye nezinzuzo kanye nobubi lolu hlobo lokuhlonza ifrikhwensi yomsakazo. impahla ingaba nayo maqondana a ezinye izinhlelo.
Buyini ubuchwepheshe be-RFID?
La I-RFID (I-Radio Frequency Identification) Kuwuhlobo lobuchwepheshe olukwazi ukufunda nokubhala idatha ukude, ngaphandle kokuxhumana. Kulokhu, kudingeka umfundi/umbhali we-RFID, kanye nendlela okufundwa ngayo noma lapho okubhalwe khona. Lokhu okuphakathi yikhadi le-RFID noma umaka ofana nalona owubona esithombeni.
Izinhlobo ze-RFID
Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi kukhona izinhlobo ezahlukene zamafrikhwensi ukulalela iziteshi ezahlukene, futhi akubona bonke abafundi be-RFID abasekelayo noma amathegi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuhambisana phakathi kokubili ukuze bakwazi ukushuna futhi babelane ngedatha. Ngokusobala, lawo mafrikhwensi asebenzayo azohlala ekububanzi bomsakazo (RF) we-electromagnetic wave spectrum. Lokho kusho ukuthi itholakala kumafrikhwensi namaza amaza asuka ku-ELF (I-Extremely Low Frequency) kanye ne-IR (infrared).
Kukhona izinhlobo ezintathu yamafrikhwensi e-RFID angu:
- Imvamisa ephansi noma i-LF (125-134KHz)
- Imvamisa ephezulu noma i-HF (13,56MHz)
- imvamisa ephezulu kakhulu noma i-UHF (433, 860 kanye no-960 MHz)
Khumbula ukuthi ukhona amaza omsakazo ngeke baziphathe ngendlela efanayo uma imvamisa ihluka, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukukhetha ububanzi obusebenzayo becala ngalinye. Isibonelo, uma imvamisa iphezulu, isivinini sokudluliswa kwedatha siyashesha, kodwa kuzoba bucayi kakhulu ekuphazamiseni noma ezithiyo. Okusho ukuthi, i-UHF ishesha kakhulu, kepha ngeke ibe nokumbozwa okuhle okufanayo ne-LF enakho.
Yini umfundi we-RFID?
Un Umfundi we-RFID ivumela ukuhlonza okulula nokuthembekile. Ibanga lokufunda lingasuka kumasentimitha ambalwa okusondelana kumathegi okwenziwa, liye kumamitha ambalwa kusetshenziswa omaka abasebenzayo be-RFID. Khumbula ukuthi amathegi okwenziwa ahlangene kakhulu, ngumfundi onikeza amandla, ngakho-ke kufanele asondele.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, une inzwa ekwazi ukuthwebula amaza omsakazo evela kumathegi noma amakhadi, futhi lawa maza azokhishwa ukuze athole uhlobo oluthile lolwazi kulebula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, konke lokhu kwenziwa ngokuphepha, empeleni, ezinye izinhlangano zamabhange zisebenzisa lolu hlobo lwesistimu, nakuba lunobuthakathaka balo, yiqiniso, njengokukopishwa kwalawa makhadi.
Izinhlobo
Njengenjwayelo, akukhona kuphela a Uhlobo lokufunda lwe-RFID, kodwa ingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amane:
- Kulungisiwe: akhiqiza amagagasi ngezinti aya kumathegi, amukele futhi akhiphe amakhodi ulwazi olukhishwa umaka. Isibonelo, njengalezo ezisezicabheni zokungena.
- Iyaphatheka noma imanuwali: zingathwalwa zisuka kwenye indawo ziye kwenye, azigxili endaweni eyodwa. Ngakho-ke, ungasebenzisa isifundi se-RFID ukuya lapho ikhadi lizofundwa khona. Abanye balaba bafundi basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-LTE noma be-WiFi ukuze baxhume, futhi kukhona ngisho ne-Bluetooth yokuyixhumanisa neselula ukuze bathole ulwazi ezinhlelweni zokusebenza.
- Ideskithophu: Lawa ama-peripherals ehadiwe axhumeka ku-PC ngembobo ye-USB. Ngokuvamile zithengeka futhi zilula. Futhi ngokuyisisekelo zisetshenziselwa uhla olufushane (Near-Field). Isibonelo, ukwenza amasheke, njll.
- Umhubhe we-RFID: yakhelwe ukufunda amabhokisi anamathegi e-RFID ngaphakathi. Isibonelo, kungase kube ne-arch lapho amabhokisi amakiwe adlula khona. Yinto esetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini noma ezindaweni zokugcina impahla.
Izinzuzo zezinhlelo ze-RFID
I-Las izinzuzo Ubuchwepheshe be-RFID yilezi:
- Umthamo omuhle wokugcina idatha uma uqhathaniswa namanye amasistimu.
- Ukuhlukahluka ngokuya kwezinhlobo zedatha engagcinwa (izinsuku, umsuka, ukuhlonza, amakhodi okufinyelela,...).
- Amathuba okulandeleka komuntu ngamunye.
- Ukunemba okukhulu nokuthembeka ekufundweni.
- Impilo ende ewusizo.
- Ijubane lokufunda lifinyelela izikhathi ezingama-25 ngaphezu kwekhodi yebha.
- Ukufundwa ezindaweni ezikude kunekhodi yebha, kufika kumamitha ambalwa.
- Izosebenza kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikhadi linothuli, lingcolile, noma lingabonakali kahle kangakanani.
- Ayizweli kakhulu ku-orientation, ngakho-ke akudingekile ukuyigxila ngokuqondile.
- Akulula ukuzenzisa.
- Angakwazi ukuhlanganiswa ngaphandle komthungo nezinye izinhlelo zokulawula.
Izicelo ze-RFID Reader
Isifundi se-RFID namakhadi e-RFID anakho izicelo eziningi, ngaphezu kwalokho ongakucabanga. Ngokwesibonelo:
- Ukulandeleka ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kwemikhiqizo, ehlonza usuku lokukhiqiza, umnyakazo olandelwa ukuthengiswayo, ulwazi lwenkampani, ukudlula amasiko, inkampani yezokuthutha, njll.
- Izinhlelo zokuphepha, njengokulawula ukufinyelela okunokhiye we-elekthronikhi, ukungena ngemvume ezinkampanini, ukubhaliswa kokungenayo nokuphumayo, njll.
- Logistics kanye yokusungula, ukuze ukwazi ukulandelela imikhiqizo esitokweni, ukubona imikhiqizo elahlekile noma eyebiwe, hlola eminye imininingwane ochungechungeni lokuvalelwa, njll.
- Ukulawulwa kokuphepha ezitolo, njengasezitolo zobucwebe noma ezitolo ezinkulu, kusetshenziswa omaka emikhiqizweni ethengiswayo ukuze uma bengakakhokhelwa babonakale lapho bephuma. Lezi zinhlobo zomaka, uma zikhishiwe, zizomakwa njengezikhokhiwe, futhi ngeke zisatholwa. Uzobona ukuthi izitolo ezinkulu nezitolo eziningi zinalawa ma-alamu.
- Ikhemisi, ezempilo, ukudla, nezimonyo, ukulawula uchungechunge lokugcinwa nokuhlinzekwa, ukugcina ukulawula okukhulu kwezinsuku, umsuka kanye neminye imininingwane yale mikhiqizo ebucayi. Ungakwazi futhi ukulandelela futhi ususe ngokushesha amaqoqo angase abe nesici, angcolile, njll.
- Ukulawulwa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezilahlwayo, njengamathuluzi asetshenziswa ezibhedlela emakamelweni okuhlinza ukuze kuncishiswe amaphutha ezokwelapha, gwema ukukhohlwa izitsha ezingaphakathi emzimbeni wesiguli ngesikhathi sokungenelela, njll.
- emitapo yolwazi Ingase futhi isetshenziselwe ukusungula izinto, ukulawula amabhuku aphumayo nalawo angenayo, imininingwane yomsebenzisi obolekwe incwadi, njll.
- Amafayela kanye nemibhalo, elawulayo futhi ehlala inamadokhumenti abalulekile atholakala ezindaweni zokuphatha noma ezikhungweni lapho kungase kube nezinkulungwane noma izigidi ezigciniwe.
- Ukuhlola Imithwalo Yendiza, ukumaka izikhwama zabagibeli nokulandelela ngokunembile imithwalo esikhumulweni sezindiza, ngesikhathi sokulayisha nokuthulula, njll. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwemithwalo futhi kuthuthukise ukugcina isikhathi.
- isikhathi sezemidlalo, kusetshenziswa kubasubathi, ukulawula abagijimi ababambe iqhaza, izikhathi zasesiteji, izifundo zokulandela umkhondo, njll.
- Ukulandeleka kwezilwane, ngechip ye-RFID ejovwe ezinjeni, phakathi kwezinye izilwane, ukuze kuhlonzwe umnikazi ukuze kugwenywe ukulahlwa, isimo sempilo yesilwane esifuywayo, imininingwane yokuxhumana uma silahlekelwa, njll.
RC522 noma MFRC522 module for Arduino
Kunjalo, kukhona amamojula e-RFID okufunda amathegi e-Arduino. I-RC522 ingenye yazo, ene- Isekethe ehlanganisiwe ye-MFRC522 ekhiqizwa yi-NXP Semiconductor futhi lokho kungahlanganiswa kalula ne-Arduino noma nge-ESP8266. Le mojula ngokuvamile isivele iphelezelwa ithegi ye-RFID (nobuchwepheshe be-NXP MIFARE) noma ikhadi okufanele lihlolwe.
Amakhadi avamise ukuba nenkumbulo engu-1 – 4Kb, ahlukaniswe imikhakha noma amabhlogo okugcina idatha ehlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingafundwa kusuka cishe ku-35 cm, ngoba zisebenzisa i- 13,56Mhz ibhendi ye-HF. Kodwa-ke, imojula yokufunda inobubanzi obungaba ngu-5 cm kuphela, njengoba ngenhla ingase ingasebenzi kahle.
Ngokuqondene ne Ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe ye-RC522 module yile:
- Ibhendi ye-ISM engu-13.56Mhz (HF).
- SPI/I2C/UART interface.
- 2.5v kuya ku-3.3v voltage yokusebenza.
- Ubukhulu bokusebenza kwamanje obungu-13-26mA.
- Amandla amanje amancane angu-10µA.
- Amazinga okunengqondo 5V kanye ne-3v3.
- 5cm ufika.
- 8 pin uxhumano:
- I-VCC: iphinikhodi yamandla phakathi kuka-2.5v no-3.3v.
- I-RST: ukuvala shaqa (LOW) noma ukuqala kabusha (HIGH).
- GND: iphinikhodi.
- I-MISO/SCL/TX: umsebenzi ophindwe kathathu wesixhumi esibonakalayo se-SPI, okukhipha isigqila kanye nokufaka okuyinhloko. Uma i-I2C isebenza isetshenziswa njengesignali yewashi, nanjengokukhishwa kwe-serial uma i-UART isebenza.
- I-MOSI: okokufaka kwesixhumi esibonakalayo se-SPI.
- I-SCK: Isignali yewashi lesixhumi esibonakalayo se-SPI.
- I-SS/SDA/RX: iphinikhodi yokufaka isignali ye-SPI uma inikwe amandla. Uma inikwe amandla, i-I2C isebenza njengokufakwayo kwedatha nanjengokufaka kwedatha ye-UART uma inikwe amandla.
Le module yokufunda ye-RFID nayo inemininingwane ethokozisayo, futhi iyona phazamisa iphinikhodi, ezokwazisa uma kukhona ikhadi le-RFID elizayo.
para xhuma imojula ye-RC522 ne-Arduino, Izixhumanisi kufanele zibukeke kanje:
- VCC ukuze 3.3V kusukela Arduino
- GND kuya ku-GND ye-Arduino
- I-RST ukuze uphine u-9 we-Arduino (ungakhetha enye)
- I-IRQ ayidingeki, ihlala ingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi
- I-SPI:
- MOSI ngo-11
- I-MISO ngo-12
- SCK kuya ku-13
- CS ngo 10
Uma usunawo umtapo wolwazi ofakiwe kweyakho I-Arduino IDE, ungenza okulandelayo:
- Vula i-Arduino IDE, futhi uqiniseke ukuthi unebhodi elixhunywe ku-PC nge-USB, nokuthi ukuxhumeka ku-MFRC522 kulungile.
- Faka kungobo yomlando
- Izibonelo
- I-MFRC522
- Ngaphakathi lapha uzothola izibonelo ezimbalwa zekhodi ye-RFID ongayisebenzisa ukuze ufunde, njenge:
- I-DumpInfo: Isetshenziselwa ukufunda ikhadi le-RFID futhi ibonise ulwazi ngemonitha ye-serial kusikrini sakho se-PC.
- rfid_write_personal_data: Ungabhala idatha yomuntu siqu ekhadini le-RFID.
Ungathenga kuphi abafundi be-RFID
Okokugcina, uma ubheka ukuthenga lolu hlobo lwezinto ezibonakalayo, senza izincomo ze abafundi be-RFID abahamba phambili, amakhophi, namakhadi kudingekile:
