Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenjini zombane, njengokuba usazi ukuba usifunda rhoqo. Kwamanye amanqaku sibonise ezinye iimotor ezibalulekileyo kwiiprojekthi zakho ze-DIY Arduino okanye Kwinkqubo, kodwa kweli nqaku litsha siza kugxila kuhlobo oluthile lwenjini: iimoto zomgama.
ukuba funda ngakumbi Ngokumalunga noku, ndiyakumema ukuba uqhubeke ufunda...
Yintoni umgca wenjini?
Un iimoto zomgama Luhlobo olukhethekileyo lweemoto zombane olwahlukileyo kwiinjini eziqhelekileyo kuba aluvelisi intshukumo ejikelezayo, oko kukuthi, ayijikelezi i-axis, kodwa kunoko ivelisa amandla omgca ngobude bayo. Olu hlobo lweemoto lusebenza ikakhulu njenge-actuator yohlobo lwe-Lorentz, apho amandla avelisiweyo ahambelana ngokuthe ngqo nombane okhoyo kunye nombane osetyenziswayo.
Kukho uyilo olwahlukileyo lweemotor ezinear, kodwa zahlulahlulwe ngokubanzi iindidi ezimbini eziphambili: iinjini
- Iinjini zokukhawulezisa eziphantsi- Zifanelekile kwizicelo ezifana ne-maglev train kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokuthutha ezihamba phantsi komhlaba. Aba loliwe banokuqhutywa betyhutyha indledlana besebenzisa umbane kunye nemagnethi, kwaye banokuhamba ngesantya esiphezulu, nangona befuna ixesha elithe kratya ukuze bakhawuleze ukuya kwisantya esiphezulu.
- Isantya esiphezulu se-linear motors: Zidla ngokuba mfutshane kwaye ziyilelwe ukukhawulezisa izinto ukuya kwisantya esiphezulu kakhulu, njengoko kunjalo ngemipu kaloliwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa kwizicelo ezinesantya esiphezulu, ezifana nezixhobo okanye iziqhushumbisi ezinkulu kwiinkqubo zokuqhubela phambili emajukujukwini. Ezi motors ngokwesiqhelo zinoyilo olubandakanya ukujija okusebenzayo kwelinye icala lomsantsa phakathi kwezixhobo zemagneti kunye nepleyiti yokuqhuba kwelinye icala. Umzekelo luhlobo lwe-railgun uhlobo lwe-homopolar ngqo yangoku yemoto yelayini.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-low-throttle, i-high-speed, i-motor-high-power-power idla ngokuphindaphindiweyo uhlobo iinjini ezilungelelanisiweyo (LSM), ebonisa ukujija okusebenzayo kwelinye icala lomsantsa phakathi kwezixhobo zemagnethi kunye neseti yeemagnethi ezineepali ezitshintshanayo kwelinye icala. Ezi magnethi zinokuba ziimagnethi ezisisigxina okanye i-electromagnets. Injini ye-Shanghai Transrapid ngumzekelo we-LSM.
Linear Motor Applications
Iinjini zomgca zizixhobo ze-electromechanical ezinobubanzi ezahlukeneyo zezicelo kumashishini ahlukeneyo, afana nala:
- Uthutho lwesantya esiphezulu: Iinkqubo zothutho ezihamba ngesantya esiphezulu, njengoololiwe bemagnethi (i-maglev) badla ngokusebenzisa iinjini ezinemigca ukuphumeza isantya esiphezulu kunye namandla abonakalayo. Ezi njini zivumela ukutyhalwa kwemigca kwiindawo zemagneti.
- Imveliso kunye ne-automation: Kwiindawo zokuvelisa kunye ne-automation, ii-motor ze-linear zisetyenziswa kwi-CNC (ulawulo lwamanani ekhompyutheni) koomatshini, abashicileli be-3D, kunye neenkqubo zokuphatha izinto. Ukuchaneka kwabo kunye nokukwazi ukulawula ukunyakaza kwenza ukuba balungele ezi zicelo.
- Iirobhothi: Zisetyenziselwa iirobhothi kunye ne-robotic manipulators ukulawula ukunyakaza okuchanekileyo kwamalungu kunye nezixhobo. Oku kubalulekile kwimizi-mveliso yeemoto, eye-elektroniki kunye neyeendibano.
- I-Aerospace: Kwishishini le-aerospace, ii-motor ze-linear zinokufumaneka kwiinkqubo zokulawula i-flight, ii-activators zokulawula umphezulu, kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo kuhambo kunye nolawulo lweenqwelomoya kunye neesathelayithi.
- Inzululwazi kunye neyeza: Iinjini zomgca zisetyenziswa kwizixhobo zokuxilonga zonyango, iimicroscopes ezichanekileyo, kunye neenkqubo zokuhlalutya iikhemikhali. Isakhono saso seentshukumo ezilawulwa ngokuchanekileyo sibalulekile kwezi zicelo.
- Uphando lwezenzululwazi: Kwiilabhoratri zophando, iimotor ezinear zisetyenziswa kwifiziksi kunye novavanyo lwekhemistri, kunye novavanyo kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa. Ukukwazi ukubonelela ngeentshukumo ezichanekileyo kubalulekile kuphando lwezenzululwazi. Umzekelo, kwizixhobo zokulinganisa amandla, njl.
- Itekhnoloji yoKhuselo: Zisetyenziswa kwizicelo zomkhosi, ezifana neenkqubo zezixhobo, izixhobo zokujolisa, kunye neenkqubo zokubeka ezichanekileyo.
- Izilingisi kunye nokuzonwabisa: Kumzi wokonwabisa, iimotor ezinemigca zisetyenziswa kwizilingisi zenqwelomoya, izilingisi zokuqhuba, kunye nezinto ezinomtsalane epakini ukwenza amava antywilayo, ayinyaniso.
iintlobo ezikhoyo
Phakathi kweenjini zomgca siyakwazi ukwahlula iintlobo ezahlukeneyo phakathi kwezi ndidi ndizikhankanye apha ngasentla. Kule meko inento yokwenza nohlobo lwempembelelo abayisebenzisayo ukuhamba. Kwaye kufuneka sigxininise:
- I-Motor Induction- Kolu yilo, amandla aveliswa ngokuhambisa i-linear magnetic field edibana nabancedisi kwindawo eyingqongileyo. Xa naluphi na uhlobo lomqhubi, olufana nekhoyili, i-loop okanye iqhekeza lesinyithi, libekwe kule ntsimi, imisinga ye-eddy iyaveliswa kwaye idale intsimi yamagnetic echasayo, ngokulandela umthetho weLenz. Amandla emagnethi amabini aphikisanayo agxothana, abangela intshukumo njengoko imagnethi ityhutyha intsimbi.
- IiMotor ezilungelelanisiweyo: Isantya sentsimi yamagnetic ehambayo ngokuqhelekileyo ilawulwa yizixhobo zombane ukulawula ukuhamba kwe-rotor. Ngenxa yoqwalaselo lweendleko, iinjini ze-synchronous ezihambelanayo azifane zisebenzise ii-commutators, ngoko ke i-rotor ihlala ibandakanya iimagnethi ezisisigxina okanye intsimbi ethambileyo. Imizekelo yolu didi lweenjini luquka ii-coilguns kunye neenjini ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ze-maglev.
- I-Homopolar: Umbane ophezulu ugqithiswa kwi-sabot yensimbi usebenzisa i-sliding contacts ezondliwe kwiireyili ezimbini. Isizukulwana sommandla wamagnetic ngenxa yesi senzo sibangela ukuba isinyithi sisebenze ecaleni kwendlela.
- I-Piezoelectric-Iinjini ezincinci zomgca zihlala zisebenzisa inkqubo ye-piezoelectric ukuvelisa intshukumo.
Ngoku uyazi ukuba zeziphi iinjini zomgca, ukuze uqalise ukuzisebenzisa kwiiprojekthi zakho kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuyafana nezinye iintlobo zeenjini esikuchazele zona kule bhlog, njenge ii actuator zomgca, ziyafana kakhulu nezi njini...