Ukukala izinga lokushisa nomswakama kuvame kakhulu kumaphrojekthi amaningi womenzi we-elekthronikhi. Ku-DIY kujwayelekile ukuthi ulinganise le mingcele ukulawula amasistimu athile. Isibonelo, ukukwazi ukudala ifriji, ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo, noma uhlelo lokupholisa umoya oluqala uma izinga lokushisa noma umswakama lifinyelela kunani elithile. Kepha ukuze lokho kwenzeke udinga inzwa efana ne-DHT11.
Emakethe kunezinzwa eziningi amabanga wokushisa ahluke kakhulu, anezinga lokushisa elisekelwayo noma ukunemba okuhlukile Isibonelo salokhu i-LM35, enye yezinto ezidume kakhulu nezisetshenziswa ku-elekthronikhi. Kukhona nezinye izinzwa zomswakama ezisebenza ngokuhlukahluka kokusebenza njenge-AD22103KTZ kusuka ku-Analog Devices. Kepha uma ufuna ukukala yomibili imingcele, mhlawumbe idivayisi esixoxa ngayo namhlanje kulesi sihloko inesithakazelo esikhulu ...
Yini i-DHT11?
El I-DHT11 inzwa elula ekala izinga lokushisa nomswakama, konke kukodwa. A) Yebo awudingi ukuthenga izinzwa ezimbili ngokwehlukana. Intengo yayo icishe ibe ngu- € 2, ngakho-ke ishibhile impela, yize ungayithola ibekwe kumodyuli (efakwe kwi-PCB ukuze isetshenziswe kalula) njengokujwayelekile kulolu hlobo lwezinto zikagesi ze-Arduino. Endabeni yebhodi, ifaka i-5 kilo ohm yokudonsa-resistor ne-LED esixwayisa ngokusebenza.
I-DHT11 inayo ukuthembeka okuphezulu nokuqina ngenxa yesignali yaso edijithali. Futhi, uma ubheka i-datasheet yayo, uzobona ukuthi inezici ezithakazelisayo, njengoba uzobona ezingxenyeni ezizayo.
Imikhiqizo efanayo
Kukhona umkhiqizo ofana ne-DHT11 ongaba nentshisekelo kuwo. Ikona i-DHT22. Futhi inzwa yokushisa nomswakama ehlanganisiwe, kepha kulokhu intengo yayo iphakeme kancane, cishe ngama- € 4. Ukunemba ukukala izinga lokushisa ukwahluka okungu-5% futhi kufana ne-DHT11, kepha ngokungafani nakho, kukala ngaphezu kobubanzi bomswakama ophakathi kuka-20 no-80%. Ngakho-ke, ungaba nentshisekelo ku-DHT22 yamaphrojekthi lapho udinga ukukala umswakama kusuka ku-0 kuye ku-100%.
La imvamisa yokuqoqa idatha kuphindwe kabili lokho kwe-DHT11, kuma-DHT22 amasampuli ama-2 athathwa ngomzuzwana esikhundleni sesampula eli-1 ngomzuzwana we-DHT11. Ngokuqondene nethempelesha, ingalinganisa ukusuka ku -40ºC kuye + 125ºC ngokunemba kakhudlwana, ngoba ingalinganisa izingxenyana zamadigri, ikakhulukazi ingakwazisa ukwehluka kokuhlanganisa / ukukhipha u-0,5ºC.
I-pinout, izici nedathasheet
Ungathola imininingwane ethe xaxa yezobuchwepheshe mayelana ne- I-DHT11 kumasheya wakho wedatha. Umkhiqizi ngamunye wale divayisi angahlinzeka ngamanani athile angahluka, ngakho-ke ngihlala ngincoma ukuthi kufundwe i-PDF yomkhiqizi othile wedivayisi oyithengile. Yize amanani amaningi abukeka efanayo kuwe, kungaba nokuhluka okuncane ukusuka kokunye kuye kokunye. Izici zayo ezibaluleke kakhulu zobuchwepheshe yilezi:
- Ukunikezwa kwamandla kusuka ku-3,5v kuye ku-5v
- Ukusetshenziswa kwamanje okungu-2,5mA
- Isiginali yokukhipha kwedijithali
- Ithempelesha ibanga kusuka ku-0ºC kuye ku-50ºC
- Ukunemba ukukala izinga lokushisa ku-25ºC ngokuhlukahluka okungaba ngu-2ºC
- Isinqumo sokukala izinga lokushisa ngu-8-bit, 1ºC
- Umswakama ungalinganisa kusuka ku-20% RH kuya ku-90% RH
- Ukunemba komswakama we-5% RH ngamazinga okushisa aphakathi kuka-0-50ºC
- Isixazululo siyi-1% RH, asikwazi ukuthwebula ukuhluka ngezansi kwalokho
- Idatha ye-Mouser
Mayelana nedatha, isakazwa ngedijithali. Ngakho-ke, akudingekile ukuthi usuke kwi-analogi uye kwidijithali njengakwamanye amasensa. Lokho kuyinkimbinkimbi ikhodi ukubhala ku-Arduino IDE, kepha kulokhu akudingeki futhi kulula kakhulu. Yize inzwa uqobo iyi-analog, kepha ifaka uhlelo lokwenza ukuguqulwa futhi ingaxhunywa ngqo kokufaka kwedijithali kwe-Arduino.
Isiginali ye-analog, okuwukuhluka kwamandla, kusuka enzwa idluliselwa kufomethi yedijithali ezothunyelwa ku-Arduino microcontroller. Idluliselwa ngaphakathi ifreyimu engama-40-bit ehambelana nomswakama nolwazi lokushisa olufakwe yi-DHT11. Amaqembu amabili okuqala ama-8-bits enzelwe umswakama, okungukuthi, izingcezu ezibaluleke kakhulu eziyi-16 zalesi sakhiwo. Ngemuva kwalokho amanye ama-2 asele angama-8-bit amaqembu okushisa. Okusho ukuthi, inama-byte amabili omswakama nama-byte amabili wokushisa. Ngokwesibonelo:
0011 0101 0000 0010 0001 1000 0000 0000 0011 1001
Kulokhu, i-0011 0101 0000 0010 yinani lomswakama, kanti i-0001 1000 0000 0000 izinga lokushisa. Ingxenye yokuqala ingeyengxenye ephelele futhi ingxenye yesibili ingeyamademali. Ngokuqondene ne-0011 1001, okungukuthi, i- ama-8-bit wokugcina alingana ukugwema amaphutha. Ngaleyo ndlela ungabheka ukuthi konke kulungile ngesikhathi sokudluliswa. Ihambisana nesamba samabhithi wangaphambilini, ngakho-ke, uma isamba silingana nobunye, kuzolunga. Esibonelweni engisibekile, bekungeke kube njalo, ngoba njengoba ubona ukuthi akuhambelani ... Lokho kuzokhombisa ukwehluleka.
Lapho lokhu sekwaziwa, izinga elilandelayo lobuchwepheshe le-DHT11 okufanele liqashelwe yizikhonkwane. I- oxhumana nabo noma i-pinout yale divayisi ilula, ngoba inezingu-4 kuphela. Esinye sezikhonkwane esikagesi noma i-Vcc, esinye se-I / O sokudlulisa idatha, iphini le-NC elingaxhumi, ne-GND yokuxhumeka komhlaba.
Ukuhlanganiswa ne-Arduino
Lapho usuyazi i-pinout ye-DHT11 futhi ibhodi le-Arduino, ukuxhumana kulula kakhulu. Khumbula ukuthi uma ukhethe imodyuli ye-DHT11 ehlanganiswe ne-PCB, izikhonkwane zizoba zintathu, ngoba i-NC isusiwe ukwenza izinto zibe lula. Ukuphela kokufanele ukwenze ukuxhuma iphini lomhlabathi kokunye kokuxhumeka kwe-Arduino's GND njengoba kubonakala kumdwebo osesithombeni esedlule.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iphini yamandla kufanele ixhunywe kuyo ukuxhumana kwe-5v kusuka ku-Arduino, ngakho-ke inzwa izonikwa amandla ngokugcwele nge-GND ne-Vcc, kepha manje idatha ayikho. Ukudlulisa imininingwane kusuka kunzwa ye-DHT11 uye ebhodini le-Arduino, ungasebenzisa noma ikuphi okokufaka kwedijithali, okufana no-7 ovela esithombeni ... Manje usunakho konke okulungele ukukusebenzisa uma usudale ikhodi edingekayo ku I-Arduino IDE ...
Uma inzwa ikude kuphrojekthi yakho futhi uzosebenzisa ikhebuli isikhathi eside kunamamitha angama-20, bese usebenzisa i-5k yokudonsela phezulu, ngezintambo ezinkulu kufanele ikhulu ngokulingana. Qaphela ukuthi uma usebenzisa amandla we-3,5v esikhundleni se-5v, khona-ke ikhebula akufanele libe lide kuno-20cm ngenxa yokwehla kwamandla kagesi.
Khumbula ukuthi abakuncomayo thatha izilinganiso njalo ngemizuzwana emi-5, yize imvamisa yesampula lapho i-DHT11 ingasebenza khona ingaphezulu, kepha uma yenziwa kaningi kungenzeka ingabi enembile.
Ikhodi ku-Arduino IDE
Ukuya ngqo kukhodi, yisho lokho ku I-Arduino IDE ungasebenzisa imitapo yolwazi eminingi enezici ezizokwenza impilo yakho ibe lula nge-DHT11. Isibonelo, omunye wabo yilowo inikeza i-Adafruit. Khumbula ukuthi sinomhlahlandlela wabaqalayo oqala nge-Arduino ku-PDF ongakwenza landa mahhala lapha futhi kungakusiza.
Lapho usufake umtapo wezincwadi ohambelana nawo, ungaphawula ku faka ikhodi ukulawula i-DHT11 lokushisa nomswakama inzwa yephrojekthi yakho nge-Arduino. Ngokwesibonelo:
#include "DHT.h"
const int DHTPin = 7;
DHT dht(DHTPin, DHTTYPE);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
Serial.println("Midiendo...");
dht.begin();
}
void loop() {
delay(2000);
float h = dht.readHumidity();
float t = dht.readTemperature();
if (isnan(h) || isnan(t)) {
Serial.println("Fallo en la lectura del sensor DHT11");
return;
}
Serial.print("Humedad relativa: ");
Serial.print(h);
Serial.print(" %\t");
Serial.print("Temperatura: ");
Serial.print(t);
Serial.print(" ºC ");
}