El vim umhleli wombhalo iwukujwayelana kwakudala kwawo wonke umsebenzisi we-Linux. ikakhulukazi labo abahleli bohlelo. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo akulula futhi inejika lokufunda, kodwa uma usuyingcweti, izoba umngane wakho othembekile lapho uthayipha ikhodi. Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukuqalisa, sizokunikeza umhlahlandlela omncane wemiyalo eyinhloko ye-Vim ozodingeka uwasebenzise kumafayela akho.
I-Vim inguqulo ethuthukisiwe yomhleli we-Vi owavela endaweni yesehlakalo ngeminyaka yama-80s. Ngakho-ke, nakuba i-Vim iyinguqulo ethuthukisiwe yeyokuqala futhi enwetshiwe ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo okukhulu nokusetshenziswa okuphansi kwezinsiza. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ukuhamba phakathi kwayo, ukusetshenziswa kwegundane kunqunyelwe -ngingasho ngendlela eyize-. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwekhibhodi kubalulekile kulo mhleli wombhalo.
Faka i-Vim kukhompyutha yakho
Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukufaka isihleli esidumile ukuze ukwazi ukusisebenzisa. Esinye sezimanga ezijabulisayo zeVim yilokho kuyipulatifomu eningi, ukuze ukwazi ukuyisebenzisa kuwo wonke amasistimu wokusebenza. Nakuba sesivele sikutshelile ukuthi yakhelwe ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ze-Linux. Ukufakwa kwayo ku-Linux kungokulandelayo:
sudo apt-get install vim
Kunalokho, uma ufuna ukuyifaka ku-Windows noma ku-MacOS, lapha sikushiyela izixhumanisi ezilandelayo ekhasini layo elisemthethweni, lapho uzoba nakho kokubili inguqulo ene-Terminal kanye nenguqulo ene-interface ye-GUI. Okutuswa kakhulu kuzo zombili izimo ukuthi usebenzise inguqulo yeTheminali.
Inguqulo yeWindows
Inguqulo ye-MacOS
Uma isihleli sombhalo sesifakiwe kukhompyutha yakho, siqhubeka nokuchaza imiyalo evame kakhulu ye-Vim ezosebenza njengesisekelo sokuhamba kumafayela ahlukene owavula kuwo. Ngoba vula ifayela ozolihlela, kuzodingeka ubhale umyalo olandelayo:
vim nombre-documento-.txt
Futhi ngokucindezela ukhiye we-ENTER, sizobe sesingaphakathi komhleli we-Vim nedokhumenti evuliwe futhi elungele ukuthi uyiphathe.
Imiyalo ebalulekile ye-Vim yokungena kwakho kusihleli sombhalo esidumile
Into yokuqala esifuna ukukutshela yona ukuthi nakuba kuyinguqulo yayo yasekuqaleni, amakhibhodi amaningi angaleso sikhathi ayengenabo okhiye abaqondisayo, ukususwa kwakufanele kwenziwe ngezinye izihluthulelo -Kuyazwela. Futhi yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Kwesokudla: l
- Kwesobunxele: h
- Phansi: j
- Ngenhla: k
- Iya ekuqaleni kwedokhumenti esiyivulile: gg
- Iya ekuqaleni komugqa: ^
- Iya ekugcineni komugqa: $
- Iya ekugcineni kwedokhumenti esiyivulile: G
- Skrolela oguqukweni lokugcina esilenzile: ;
Imiyalo ye-Vim yokuhlela imibhalo
Uma sesazi ukuthi sihamba kanjani kumafayela esiwavula ku-Vim, kunjalo isikhathi sokuhlela le mibhalo. Bese sikushiya nemiyalo ye-Vim ozoyisebenzisa njalo. I-Vim inezindlela ezintathu ezihlukene: imodi yomyalo -leyo evula ngokuzenzakalelayo-, faka imodi kanye nemodi yemiyalo ethuthukisiwe.
Nokho, uma ifayela selivuliwe, i-Vim ilinde ukuthi uqale ukuthayipha imiyalo embalwa yokuqala. Futhi ziyini lezi? Sikwethulela ngezansi:
- Faka imodi yokufaka -beka umbhalo omusha-: i (ukuze uphume kule modi kufanele ucindezele u-ESC)
- Faka futhi ubeke uhlamvu olusha ngemva nje kwesifundo: a
- Faka bese ubhala kuze kube sekupheleni komugqa wamanje: A
- Faka umugqa omusha ngezansi kwesifundo: o
- Faka umugqa omusha ngenhla kwesifundo: O
- Shintsha uhlamvu olulungile esifundweni: r (kufanele ucindezele ngokushesha uhlamvu olusha ukuze ulufake)
- Phrinta ngephrinta oyilungiselele ngokuzenzakalelayo: unayo!
I-Vim iyala ukusika, ukususa nokunamathisela kudokhumenti evuliwe ngomhleli wombhalo
Siyaqhubeka nokuhlela imibhalo esiyivule nomhleli wombhalo odumile owazalwa ngo-1991. Futhi kulokhu sizokushiya nawe. uhlu lwemiyalo ye-Vim ozoyidinga ukuze ukwazi ukususa, ukusika, ukukopisha nokunamathisela umbhalo ngaphakathi kwefayela.
- Sika umugqa wamanje ikhesa ivuliwe: dd (umugqa owodwa) noma i-xdd (uma ushintsha u-'x' ube inombolo -3dd, isibonelo-, imigqa oyikhombisile ukuya kwikhesa izosikwa)
- Namathisela umbhalo esiwukopishile noma esiwusikile endaweni lapho sicindezela khona umyalo: p
- Susa uhlamvu ngaphansi kwekhesa: x
- Susa lonke igama lapho ikhesa itholakala khona: umuthi
- Susa lonke igama lapho ikhesa itholakala khona bese ufaka imodi yokufaka: cw
- Susa kusukela kukhesa kuye ekugcineni komugqa bese ufaka imodi yokufaka: c$
- Kopisha umugqa wonke: yy
- Kopisha ukusuka lapho sinekhesa kuye ekugcineni komugqa: y$
- Kopisha igama eliphelele lapho sinekhesa: yiw
- Kopisha inombolo yomugqa lapho sibeke khona ikhesa: 2yy, 3yy, ... (imigqa emi-2 noma emi-3 ukusuka lapho sinekhesa)
Hlehlisa izinguquko ezenziwe ngemiyalo ye-Vim
Ekugcineni, kulo mhlahlandlela omncane womyalo we-Vim sikushiya okufanele ukwenze uma ufuna ukuhlehlisa izinguquko ezenziwe ngemiyalo edlule kwenziwe kusihleli sombhalo.
- Hlehlisa umyalo wokugcina ofakiwe - :u
- Hlehlisa imiyalo yokugcina ekhombisa inombolo - :xu (buyisela inombolo ethi 'x' esikhundleni sika-'x')
- Phinda wenze ushintsho lokugcina olwenziwe - :yenza futhi
- Ukwenza kabusha zonke izinguquko zehora lokugcina (noma amahora ambalwa) - : ngaphambili 1h
- Ukwenza kabusha izinguquko zemizuzu embalwa edlule - :kamuva 20m (kulokhu kuzoba kusukela emizuzwini engu-20 yokugcina)
Njengoba ubona, imiyalo ye-Vim miningi. Futhi siye sahlala kuphela engxenyeni encane kakhulu kodwa mhlawumbe ingakusiza ekwethulweni kwalo mhleli wombhalo odumile futhi ukwazi ukuphatha amafayela okuqala owavula kuwo. Ngokufanayo, Kunemibhalo eminingi ku-inthanethi emayelana nayo. futhi ungangena ujule, uma uthanda.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, I-Vim inomphakathi osebenzayo okungeza imisebenzi kanye nezindlela ezintsha zokubuka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwenza ukusetshenziswa kwayo kube lula kakhulu - ikakhulukazi kwabaqalayo-, kukhona ezinye izindlela ezinobungane bomsebenzisi lokho akuhlangene nakho konke esikuchazele kona. Uma ufuna ukuzithola, ezinye izibonelo yilezi ezilandelayo: