Un amandla kagesi noma amandla ombane kuyithuluzi elincane elenziwa ngogesi ukwazi ukwenza i-voltage ihlale isekethe. Kuvame ukubonakala ezingxenyeni ezinjengokunikezwa kwamandla kanye ne-adaptha yamandla. Kulokhu, i-LM317 iyisilawuli samandla ombane esincane esingaguquguquki esifakwe kusihlangu esifana nesikubonile esimweni se-transistors.
Abaningi elekthronikhi noma abenzi bavame ukusebenzisa i-LM317 njalo ngamanye amaphrojekthi lapho udinga ukusebenza khona nogesi ozinzile noma lapho iguquka isuka kolunye uhlobo lwamandla kagesi iye kolunye, njll. Kulezi zimo, isignali yamandla kagesi ehlakazekile noma imiphumela esigneni lapho ushintsha kusuka kokushintshayo kwamanje kuya kumanje ayihambelani nokuhlinzeka ngamasekethe wamanje aqondile uma ingazange ilashwe ngaphambilini ngalolu hlobo lwedivayisi.
LM317
El LM317 Kuyathandwa kakhulu ngabalawuli abaguquguqukayo bamandla kagesi ngaphandle lapho. Omunye wabakhiqizi abaziwa kakhulu bale divayisi ye-elektroniki ngu I-TI (Texas Instruments). Iyidivayisi elula impela, kepha isebenza kakhulu kumasekethe ngoba iyakwazi ukuthola amandla kagesi angajwayelekile ekufakweni kwayo futhi inikeze amandla wezimo ezimweni ezijwayelekile kakhulu lapho iphuma.
Akusikho okokuqala kwezilayida eziguquguqukayo emlandweni, empeleni, kungenye yezakamuva ochungechungeni lokuthuthuka kochungechunge lwezilayida. Konke kuqale nge-LM117, okokuqala. Bese kuzolandela i-LM337 engikhuluma ngayo esigabeni sokugcina salesi sigaba bese i-LM317 izolandela, osekuyiyona ethandwa kakhulu kubo bonke.
Imvamisa ungaphatha izingcindezi ze 1,2 kuye kuma-volts angama-37, anemisinga engu-1.5 A. Konke lokhu ngosayizi omncane kakhulu futhi kunezikhonkwane noma izikhonkwane ezintathu kuphela. Enye yazo okokufaka okumakwe ngezinhlamvu IN, omunye okukhiphayo noma OUT futhi ekugcineni isilungiselelo noma i-ADJ. Uma sithatha i-LM317 ngqo, iphini lesikhungo yilona okukhiphayo. Izinhlangothi zizoba yi-ADJ (kwesobunxele) naku-IN (kwesokudla).
Uma ufuna i- LM317 umphelelisi, okungukuthi, idivaysi yokulawula i-voltage kodwa yezingqinamba ezingezinhle, ngoba i-LM317 isebenza kuphela nokuhle, lapho-ke ungakhetha i-LM337. Lokho kungaba yisixazululo esifanele uma ufuna ukulawula imithamo engemihle.
Imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe kanye nedatha
I-LM317 inochungechunge lwe- izici ezivelele zobuchwepheshe like:
- Uhlobo lomlawuli we-Voltage: oluguquguqukayo
- Izilinganiso: kusuka ku-1.25 kuya ku-37v
- Okokukhipha kwamanje: 1.5 A
- I-Protección contra sobrecalentamiento
- Iphakheji: Inezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokupakisha, njenge-SOT-223, TO-220, ne-TO-263.
- Voltage ukubekezelelana okukhipha 1%
- La umkhawulo wamanje awuxhomekile ekushiseni
- Ukuvikelwa komsindo okokufaka (RR = 80dB)
- Ingasebenza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, kuze kufike ku-125ºC
Usuyayazi yonke imininingwane ephelele yezobuchwepheshe ongayenza ngena kuma-datasheet inikezwe ngabakhiqizi. Ungakwazi landa i-PDF ye-LM317 kusuka kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-TI kusuka kulesi sixhumanisi.
Isibonelo sokusetshenziswa
Hay ubuningi bamasekethe asebenzayo asebenzisa i-LM317, kepha mhlawumbe okunye okuhlaba umxhwele kakhulu lapho ufunda i-elekthronikhi kulapho bakufundisa ukuthi amandla kagesi ajwayelekile asebenza kanjani, ngoba konke ukusebenza kuhle kakhulu ngendlela ephathekayo nenembile.
Ngingathanda ukuthi unake isithombe kulesi sigaba, simayelana isifunda esiyisisekelo sokunikezwa kwamandla. Kuyo uzobona ukuthi kunezigaba ezilandelanayo manje engizonikeza imininingwane ngazo, futhi kuleso naleso ngasinye igrafu encane efakiwe ekhombisa ukuthi isignali yamandla kagesi idlula kanjani kuleyo ngxenye yesifunda:
- Inguquko: ekuqaleni sine-transformer enemiklamo emibili yemiklamo emakwe njengo-N1 no-N2. Lokho okufinyelelwa yisiguquli ukuguqula amandla kagesi wokufaka, ngokwesibonelo i-220v yamanje eshintshashintshayo esinayo ku-plug esixhuma kuyo amandla kagesi. Futhi leyo voltage ephezulu ye-AC iyiguqula ibe ngamandla aphansi ngandlela thile, ngokuya ngohlelo. Isibonelo, ungaguqula lawo ma-220v abe yi-12v ukuze uvule amandla kagesi. Ungahlola ukuthi okokufaka i-Ve kuyisignali yamandla aphezulu ashintshanayo futhi lapho kukhishwa i-transitor nawe unamandla amanje ashintshanayo kepha anamandla aphansi (V1).
- I-diode bridge: lapho-ke sibona ama-diode amane axhunywe ngendlela ethile. Laziwa njengebhuloho le-diode nokuthi amandla ashintshanayo ka-12v azongena ebhulohweni azolungiswa. Uma sibheka igrafu, sisukile kusiginali ye-sinusoidal AC siye kumajika we-voltage enhle kuphela, sisusa ingxenye engemihle.
- I-Condenser: I-capacitor ibushelelezi ukukhishwa kwesiginali yebhuloho, okungukuthi, lokho kweqa okuncane okumelwe kugrafu kuzongeniswa ngumthamo we-capacitor bese i-voltage izokhulula kancane kancane. Umphumela ulayini namanye amajika, kepha bushelelezi kakhulu. Kuya ngokufana nomugqa oqonde ngokuphelele, okungukuthi, i-current ngqo.
- Isiqinisi: yisigaba sokugcina, futhi noma sibizwa kanjalo, yisilawuli sevolthi njenge-LM317. Ukuthola isinali elilungiswe ngokuphelele lapho kusukwa. Lokho kusho ukuthi, lawo magesi amancane eqa anikezwe i-capacitor yangaphambilini noma isiteji, manje aseshelele ngokuphelele futhi ulayini oqonde ngokuphelele. Okusho ukuthi, sinamandla amaningi we-12v kithi. Ngakho-ke, manje singasho ukuthi sinomugqa oqondile.
Yile ndlela ukutholakala kwamandla okuthola ngayo hamba usuka ku-AC uye ku-DC, njengaleyo i-PC engaba nayo ngaphakathi noma njengamashaja omakhalekhukhwini, njll. Ngicabanga ukuthi bekuyisibonelo esisobala kunazo zonke sokufunda ngalokho okwenziwa isilawuli samandla kagesi, esikhundleni sokukuchaza ngendlela yombono okungenzeka ukuthi yinto ethile engaqondakali futhi eyinkimbinkimbi ukuyiqonda.
Ngakho-ke, kuzo zonke lezo amasekethe lapho i-voltage idinga ukuzinziswa khona futhi ulungise amaphutha esignali amancane, ungahlala usebenzisa i-voltage regulator efana ne-LM317. Uma une-oscilloscope noma i-software simulator ekhaya, ungavivinya isekethe efanayo esithombeni bese wenza izivivinyo ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene kusifunda ukubona ukuthi isignali idlula kanjani isuka kwesinye isimo iye kwesinye.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi lokhu okuthunyelwe kuzoba usizo olukhulu kuwe ... kanye ne I-LM317 ayinazimfihlo zakho manje.
Kuchazwe kahle konke. Ngiyabonga kakhulu, ngicabanga ukuthi ngizoyifaka kungekudala. ukubingelela okuhle