Uma wenza umsebenzi we-transistor, kungenzeka kube nenhlanganisela yalezi zinsiza ze-semiconductor ezikuthandayo. Ngababili bama-transistor abaziwa ngokuthi Darlington. Lokhu kusetha kuthakazelisa kakhulu kumaphrojekthi amaningi we-DIY electronics, futhi angatholakala ngokushibhile ku-IC ULN2803.
Uzokwazi ukuthola ifayela le- I-ULN2803 eyenziwe izinkampani ezahlukahlukene, ezinjengenganekwane iTexas Instruments, noma i-European STMicroelectronics, njll. Kule ndatshana yomhlahlandlela, ngizozama ukuxazulula konke ukungabaza ngalo mkhiqizo, ngikutshele ukuthi ungawuthenga kuphi, nokuthi ungasebenza kanjani nawo ...
Yini i-ULN2803?
El I-ULN2803 iyi-chip, isekethe elihlanganisiwe ngokufakwa kwendabuko kwe-DIP, njengabanye abaningi. Okungukuthi, ngeziqu ezimbili zezikhonkwane ezinhlangothini zalo. Yebo, kuze kube lapha kungabonakala njengezinye eziningi, kepha ngaphakathi ayinayo iminyango evamile yomqondo, abaphindaphindayo, filtros, amamojula ezinzwa zamanje, irejista yokushintsha, noma a isilawuli esincane...
Ngaphakathi kwe-ULN2803 uzothola abashayeli, ngochungechunge lwama-transistors, amanye amadivayisi engivele ngikhulume ngawo kwezinye izikhathi ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezinjenge: IMOSFET, I-BC547, 2N3055, 2N222, Njll
Yini i-transistor ka-Darlington noma i-pair?
El IDarlington transistor Akuyona i-transistor enjalo, kepha izixhumi zazo zixhunywe ngendlela ethile. Ama-transistor amabili axhunyiwe e-bipolar azokwakha i-Darlington pair, evumela ukuthi i-current amplified by the transistor yokuqala ingene kusisekelo se-transistor yesibili iphinde ikhuliswe futhi.
Lolu hlobo lokukhulisa lusetshenziswe ngama-transistor amabili ahlukene, kepha unjiniyela ovela ku- IBell Labs eqanjwe uSidney Darlington Unelungelo lobunikazi lokuhlanganiswa ngo-1952. Umqondo kwakuwukufaka ama-transistor amabili noma amathathu ku-chip eyodwa ye-monolithic. Umqondo ofana nalowo wokwakha i-chip noma isekethe elihlanganisiwe, yize le mpumelelo ingaziwa kuye, njengoba wazi kahle ...
Umbhangqwana waseDarlington uziphatha njenge-transistor eyodwa ejwayelekile, okungukuthi, ngemuva kokuhlanganisa ama-transistor amabili isisekelo esisodwa, umqokeleli nomthumeli. Kuphela ukuthi inzuzo yamanje izoba yileyo ehlanganisiwe, ngakho-ke ibe nkulu kunokusebenzisa i-transistor eyodwa kuphela. Ngokukhethekile, kubhekwa ukuthi inzuzo eDarlington icishe ibe ngumphumela womkhiqizo phakathi kokubili ukuzuza kwama-transistors asetshenziswa ngokwehlukile.
I-Las izinzuzo ukusebenzisa lo mbhangqwana waseDarlington kucacile, thola inzuzo enkulu yamanje. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukulawula imisinga yobukhulu obuphezulu nge-base encane yamanje. Kepha futhi inezinkinga zayo, njengokushintsha kwesigaba okukhulu kumaza aphezulu kunalapho usebenzisa i-transistor eyodwa, eyenza ukuthi kuyisebenzise kumasekethe wempendulo engemihle ngandlela thile.
Futhi akuyona kuphela inkinga ehambisanayo kumbhangqwana waseDarlington, njengoba ukwehla kwamandla kagesi phakathi kwesisekelo ne-emitter kukhulu ngenxa yokuhlangana okukhona okukhona (okulingana nesamba samaconsi womabili alezi zinhlanganisela).
La amandla okugcwala abanakho kungenye futhi imikhawulo. Ezingeni elisebenzayo, lokho kusho amandla amakhulu ahlakazekile, okungukuthi, ukushisa okwengeziwe. Futhi ngokuqhubeka nobubi, ukwehliswa kwesivinini sokushintsha kungenye yezinto ezikhawulelayo, futhi akunakusetshenziswa kumasekethe lapho kudingeka khona ubuchule obukhulu. I-transistor yokuqala ayikwazi ukuvimbela ngamandla isisekelo samanje sesibili, sinciphise ukucisha ...
Laba badlulisi beDarlington bangatholakala bobabili kufihliwe ngokwehlukana, okusho ukuthi, ukubhangqwa okumbili, noma kumasekethe ahlanganisiwe anama-transistor amaningi eDarlington njengoba kunjalo nge-ULN2803.
I-ULN2803 datasheet ne-pinout
Ukusebenza kwe-ULN2803 kulula kakhulu futhi nenhlangano yayo nayo ilula kakhulu. Lesi sifunda esihlanganisiwe sineqoqo le- Amasango ama-8 aguqukayo ngaphakathi kusetshenziswe i-transistor yaseDarlington, kulokhu usebenzisa ama-transistor we-NPN. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuxhuma kuzikhonkwane zabo amanye amadivayisi anesidingo samanje esiqinile, njenge ama-stepper motors ngendlela ye Umshayeli, udlulisela, Njll
Ngakho-ke, i-ULN2803 iyi-cisifunda esinemisebenzi eminingi lokho kungabonakala kunqwaba yamaphrojekthi wabenzi njengokukhishwa kwamasekethe edijithali ukushayela ama-actuator, ama-motors ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, nezinye izinto. Zonke zingaphathwa nge-low low, evuma imisinga yokufunwa okuphezulu njenge-500 mA noma i-0.5A, okuyi-elekthronikhi ebiza kakhulu.
Isekela ukunikezwa nokukhishwa kwedijithali kokukhishwa kwe kufika ku-50v, Ukuguqula amasiginali we-5v TTL digital kunoma iyiphi i-voltage efinyelela kuma-volts angama-50. Lo msebenzi osebenzayo yilokho okwaziwa njengomshayeli, okusho ukuthi, kusebenza njengohlobo lwezinto ezihlukanisa kube sengathi kungumgoqo we-elekthronikhi, kuvikela amasekethe we-digital logic kusuka kwabanye adinga ukuqhuma okukhulu namandla.
Ungabona zonke izici ezigcwele futhi pinout kudathabheyisi umkhiqizi. Isibonelo, nazi ezimbili ezivame kakhulu:
Intengo nokuthi ungathenga kuphi
Akunzima kakhulu ukuthola uma wazi ukuthi ubheke kuphi. Intengo yayo ishibhile, futhi ungakwazi ngisho thenga kuma-chipgroups we-ULN2803 uma udinga eziningana. Isibonelo, okunye okushibhe kakhulu yi- Ayikho imikhiqizo etholakele. ongathenga lapha cishe nge- € 1.
Iphrojekthi yokuqala ene-ULN2803
Esinye sezifunda eziyinhloko ezilula ezivame ukwenziwa nge-ULN2803 ukukhombisa ukusebenza kwaso yi- imitha yezinga lamanzi ekhaya. Ilula kakhulu, ngenxa yamasango ayo ayi-8 aguqukayo akhiwe ngeDarlington futhi asebenzisa ama-resistor ayi-8 10k namanye ama-ohm angama-560, kanye namanye ama-LED ayi-8, ungalungisa imitha. Ungangeza i-buzzer, noma ibhodi ye-Arduino ukuze kuthi lapho ifinyelela ezingeni elithile, hlela i-microcontroller ukwenza okuthile, okufana usike i-valve, njll. Izinhlanganisela ziphakeme kakhulu.
El ukuhlangana njengoba ubona kulula kakhulu futhi. Isidingo esiphansi samanje ekufakweni kwayo (impedance ephezulu) ye-ULN2803 ukwenza kusebenze ukuqhutshwa kwama-transistors kwenza sikwazi ukucwilisa abaqhubi abaxhunywe ku-chip ethangini lamanzi nokuthi ukuqhutshwa kwamanzi uqobo kwanele ukusebenzisa isignali kagesi ukuze usebenze.
Ngale ndlela, njengoba amanzi efinyelela amazinga ahlukene kubashayeli bayo abayi-8 ngakunye, izokwenza kusebenze ama-LED lapho iphuma kanye ne-buzzer ekhipha ibhiphu lapho kugcwala ithangi lamanzi.
Como umqondo owengeziwe, ungaxhuma okukhishwayo ngakunye kuzikhonkwane zokufaka ze-Arduino, ukuze kuthi lapho ifinyelela ohlelweni lwezinga lokuqala umdwebo wokwenza isenzo se-X, lapho ifinyelela esigabeni sesibili Y isenzo, njalonjalo. Enye indlela ukusebenzisa ukudlulisela esikhundleni sama-LED kokukhiphayo, okungavumela ukwenza kusebenze noma kulawulwe amasekethe noma amadivayisi ngamandla amakhulu ngokuya ngezinga elifinyelela kwelinye izinga noma elinye, njengama-electrovalves noma ama-valve alawulwa ngogesi.